A Narrative Review of Metatarsal Bone Stress Injury in Athletic Populations: Etiology, Biomechanics, and Management

Troy, Karen L.; Davis, Irene S.; Tenforde, Adam S.

doi:10.1002/pmrj.12518

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Furthermore, one of the reasons for the occurrence of overuse injuries is suboptimal running technique, resulting in poor lower limb kinematics [ 29 , 33 ], which results in the uneven distribution of forces between body segments. It is suggested that one of the contributing factors to the development of running-related injuries may be the suboptimal lower limb kinematics, especially the inability to control the motion of the lower extremity segments in the frontal and transverse planes.…”

Section: Resistance Exercise For Modifying Running Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of these injuries are overuse/chronic [ 27 ], with the highest incidence reported for iliotibial band syndrome (ITBS), patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), Achilles tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, and medial tibial stress syndrome [ 28 ]. According to Troy et al [ 29 ], suboptimal biomechanics results in an uneven distribution of forces between body segments. This is seen particularly in people with PFPS and ITBS, where unevenly distributed forces increase stress on a particular part of a structure [ 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review

Šuc

Šarko

Kozinc

2022

Sports

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It is well-accepted that at least a certain amount of resistance exercise (RE) is recommended for most endurance athletes. In this review, we aim to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of RE on running economy, running biomechanics, and running-related injury risk in endurance runners. The evidence robustly shows that lower limb RE is effective for improving running economy and performance, with a combination of strength and plyometric training being recommended to improve RE. Isometric training is also emerging as a possible alternative to implement during periods of high overall training load. Lower limb RE may change some aspects of joint kinematics during running; however, the evidence regarding the effects on kinetics is limited. Lower limb RE may help reduce running-related injury risk, but further evidence is needed.

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Section: Resistance Exercise For Modifying Running Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review

Šuc

Šarko

Kozinc

2022

Sports

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“…In general, ref. [13] reported metatarsal fatigue fractures to consist of 38% of all the bone stress injuries and even 58% in the military.…”

Section: Risk Of Fractures and Injuries In Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Video-Based Biomechanics and Biometry Tools for Fracture and Injury Assessment in Sports

et al. 2022

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This work presents a survey literature review on biomechanics, specifically aimed at the study of existent biomechanical tools through video analysis, in order to identify opportunities for researchers in the field, and discuss future proposals and perspectives. Scientific literature (journal papers and conference proceedings) in the field of video-based biomechanics published after 2010 were selected and discussed. The most common application of the study of biomechanics using this technique is sports, where the most reported applications are american football, soccer, basketball, baseball, jumping, among others. These techniques have also been studied in a less proportion, in ergonomy, and injury prevention. From the revised literature, it is clear that biomechanics studies mainly focus on the analysis of angles, speed or acceleration, however, not many studies explore the dynamical forces in the joints. The development of video-based biomechanic tools for force analysis could provide methods for assessment and prediction of biomechanical force associated risks such as injuries and fractures. Therefore, it is convenient to start exploring this field. A few case studies are reported, where force estimation is performed via manual tracking in different scenarios. This demonstration is carried out using conventional manual tracking, however, the inclusion of similar methods in an automated manner could help in the development of intelligent healthcare, force prediction tools for athletes and/or elderly population. Future trends and challenges in this field are also discussed, where data availability and artificial intelligence models will be key to proposing new and more reliable methods for biomechanical analysis.

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“…For example, cavus foot could lead to SF of the femur and metatarsal bones, whereas flat foot increase pronation and SF of the tibia, the fibula, and the tarsal bones. Varus alignment in the lower limb increases SF risk of the femur and the tarsal bones, and cavovarus feet have a rigid foot shape that does not attenuate the impact and predisposes a person to SF (10,24). Athlete's triad or relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a known risk factor for SF.…”

Section: Intrinsic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress fractures

Costa¹,

Borba²,

Corrêa³

et al. 2022

Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Stress fractures (SF) represent 10%-20% of all injuries in sport medicine. An SF occurs when abnormal and repetitive loading is applied on normal bone: The body cannot adapt quickly enough, leading to microdamage and fracture. The etiology is multifactorial with numerous risk factors involved. Diagnosis of SF can be achieved by identifying intrinsic and extrinsic factors, obtaining a good history, performing a physical exam, and ordering laboratory and imaging studies (magnetic resonance imaging is the current gold standard). Relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) is a known risk factor. In addition, for women, it is very important know the menstrual status to identify long periods of amenorrhea in the past and the present. Early detection is important to improve the chance of symptom resolution with conservative treatment. Common presentation involves complaints of localized pain, with or without swelling, and tenderness on palpation of bony structures that begins earlier in training and progressively worsens with activity over a 2-to 3-week period. Appropriate classification of SF based on type, location, grading, and low or high risk is critical in guiding treatment strategies and influencing the time to return to sport. Stress injuries at low-risk sites are typically managed conservatively. Studies have suggested that calcium and vitamin D supplementation might be helpful. Moreover, other treatment regimens are not well established. Understanding better the pathophysiology of SFs and the potential utility of current and future boneactive therapeutics may well yield approaches that could treat SFs more effectively.

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A Narrative Review of Metatarsal Bone Stress Injury in Athletic Populations: Etiology, Biomechanics, and Management

Cited by 8 publications

References 112 publications

Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review

Resistance Exercise for Improving Running Economy and Running Biomechanics and Decreasing Running-Related Injury Risk: A Narrative Review

Survey on Video-Based Biomechanics and Biometry Tools for Fracture and Injury Assessment in Sports

Stress fractures

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