A multiscale, biophysical model of flow‐induced red blood cell damage

Vitale, Flavia; Nam, Jaewook; Turchetti, Luca; Behr, Marek; Raphael, Robert M.; Annesini, Maria Cristina; Pasquali, Matteo

doi:10.1002/aic.14318

Cited by 40 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…There is also another class of more mechanistic hemolysis prediction models based on cell membrane strain . With advances in computer technology, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been extensively used in analysis of hemolysis, including recent direct numerical simulations of flows containing deformable erythrocytes . Despite advancements in other models, the power‐law model remains popular, perhaps in part because the limited data on hemolysis that is available in simple controlled flows was originally fit to the power‐law model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Eulerian versus Lagrangian models of mechanical blood damage and the linearized damage function

Faghih

Sharp

2019

Artificial Organs

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Two limitations have been discovered in the derivation of the Eulerian method of hemolysis prediction using a linearized blood damage function. First is that in the transformation from the Lagrangian material volume of the original power‐law model to a fixed Eulerian control volume, the spatial dependence of duration of exposure to fluid stress was neglected. This omission has the implication that the Eulerian method as reported is valid only for steady, uniaxial flow in which velocity is constant along streamlines. The second issue is related to linearization, which involves distributing an exponent across an integral. This operation is valid only for limited conditions that include the exponent being unity (which is not the case for any power‐law hemolysis models) or the blood damage function being constant throughout the flow regime. These constraints severely restrict the applicability of the Eulerian method. An example problem is presented that demonstrates that the source term of the Eulerian method as reported does not account for differences in velocity between 2 similar flows. Correcting the source term to match the hemolysis prediction to that of the original, unlinearized method requires an analytical description of the flow field that may not be easily obtained for the complex flows in some cardiovascular devices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Eulerian versus Lagrangian models of mechanical blood damage and the linearized damage function

Faghih

Sharp

2019

Artificial Organs

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“…Damage to red blood cells (hemolysis) in cardiovascular devices has been the subject of much research during the last five decades . To accelerate product development and reduce cost, a long‐standing goal has been software for accurate prediction of fluid stress‐induced hemolysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of energy dissipation rate as a predictor of mechanical blood damage

Faghih

Sharp

2019

Artificial Organs

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A long‐standing goal in the field of biofluid mechanics has been to reliably predict hemolysis across the wide range of flows that can occur in prosthetic cardiovascular devices. A scalar representation of the complex three‐dimensional fluid stresses that are exerted on cells is an attractive alternative for the simplicity that it lends to the computations. The appropriateness of the commonly used von‐Mises‐like scalar stress as a universal hemolysis scaling parameter was previously evaluated, finding that erythrocyte membrane tensions calculated for laminar shear and extensional flows and for three cases of turbulent flow were widely divergent for the same value of scalar stress. The same techniques are applied in this study to laminar and turbulent flows that each have the same energy dissipation rate. Results showed that agreement of membrane tension between laminar shear and turbulent shear inside an eddy was improved relative to the common scalar stress cases, but disagreement between laminar shear and laminar extension remained the same and disagreement between laminar shear and other turbulent flows increased. It is therefore concluded that energy dissipation rate alone is also likely not sufficient to universally scale blood damage across the range of different flows that can be encountered clinically.

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“…Constants α, β, and C were determined from regression analysis applied to experimental data for shear stresses less than 255 Pa and exposure times less than 700 ms. Heuser and Opitz [10] obtained their set of coefficients using laminar flow in a Couette viscometer to determine hemolysis of porcine blood for exposure times less than 700 ms and shear stresses less than 255 Pa. Zhang et al [11] examined hemolysis of ovine blood for exposure times of less than 1500 ms and shear stresses between 50-320 Pa and obtained power law constants by fitting the hemolysis results to Equation (1). It has, however, been argued that since power law models were obtained by using viscometer experiments with steady, uniform laminar flow shear stress, the models often fail when capturing the general flow features of typical medical devices [26] which usually impose multiple, shorter term exposures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reynolds Stresses and Hemolysis in Turbulent Flow Examined by Threshold Analysis

Ozturk

O’Rear

Papavassiliou

2016

Fluids

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Abstract:Use of laminar flow-derived power law models to predict hemolysis with turbulence remains problematical. Flows in a Couette viscometer and a capillary tube have been simulated to investigate various combinations of Reynolds and/or viscous stresses power law models for hemolysis prediction. A finite volume-based computational method provided Reynolds and viscous stresses so that the effects of area-averaged and time-averaged Reynolds stresses, as well as total, viscous, and wall shear on hemolysis prediction could be assessed. The flow computations were conducted by using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes models of turbulence (k-ε and k-ω SST) to simulate four different experimental conditions in a capillary tube and seven experimental conditions in a Couette viscometer taken from the literature. Power law models were compared by calculating standard errors between measured hemolysis values and those derived from power law models with data from the simulations. In addition, suitability of Reynolds and viscous stresses was studied by threshold analysis. Results showed there was no evidence of a threshold value for hemolysis in terms of Reynolds and viscous stresses. Therefore, Reynolds and viscous stresses are not good predictors of hemolysis. Of power law models, the Zhang power law model (Artificial Organs, 2011, 35, 1180-1186 gives the lowest error overall for the hemolysis index and Reynolds stress (0.05570), while Giersiepen's model (The International journal of Artificial Organs, 1990, 13, 300-306) yields the highest (6.6658), and intermediate errors are found through use of Heuser's (Biorheology, 1980, 17, 17-24) model (0.3861) and Fraser's (Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 2012, 134, 081002) model (0.3947).

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A multiscale, biophysical model of flow‐induced red blood cell damage

Cited by 40 publications

References 45 publications

On Eulerian versus Lagrangian models of mechanical blood damage and the linearized damage function

On Eulerian versus Lagrangian models of mechanical blood damage and the linearized damage function

Evaluation of energy dissipation rate as a predictor of mechanical blood damage

Reynolds Stresses and Hemolysis in Turbulent Flow Examined by Threshold Analysis

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