A multiple watermarking algorithm based on CDMA technique

Zou, Fuhao; Lu, Zhengding; Ling, Hefei

doi:10.1145/1027527.1027629

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Thus, the embedding procedure is actually to derive the scaling factor k used in (9) to make the modulated vector g in the form of (10). Substituting (9) into (10), the scaling factor k can be given by…”

Section: A Fundamental Ideamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the imperceptible constraint must be considered. Referencing (9), the Euclidian distance dis v between the watermarked vector g and the host vector x, is proportional to k, which is actually the distance dis p between the host vector's projection point p and p's DM quantization point. This can be formulated as follows,…”

Section: A Dither Modulation Based Single Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Composite watermarking discusses the extension of single watermarking algorithms to the case of multiple watermarking by introducing orthogonal watermarks [7], [8]. Being similar to these, CDMA based schemes [9], [10] use the orthogonal codes to modulate the watermarks from different users to derive the orthogonal watermarks. Unfortunately, they cannot guarantee the robustness in the case of blind extraction.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Multiple Watermarking Algorithm Based on Spread Transform Dither Modulation

Li¹,

Ju²,

Sun³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Multiple watermarking technique, embedding several watermarks in one carrier, has enabled many interesting applications. In this study, a novel multiple watermarking algorithm is proposed based on the spirit of spread transform dither modulation (STDM). It can embed multiple watermarks into the same region and the same transform domain of one image; meanwhile, the embedded watermarks can be extracted independently and blindly in the detector without any interference. Furthermore, to improve the fidelity of the watermarked image, the properties of the dither modulation quantizer and the proposed multiple watermarks embedding strategy are investigated, and two practical optimization methods are proposed. Finally, to enhance the application flexibility, an extension of the proposed algorithm is proposed which can sequentially embeds different watermarks into one image during each stage of its circulation. Compared with the pioneering multiple watermarking algorithms, the proposed one owns more flexibility in practical application and is more robust against distortion due to basic operations such as random noise, JPEG compression and valumetric scaling.

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Section: A Fundamental Ideamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Dither Modulation Based Single Watermarkingmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiple Watermarking Algorithm Based on Spread Transform Dither Modulation

Li¹,

Ju²,

Sun³

et al. 2016

Preprint

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“…Many multiple watermarking algorithms have been proposed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], and the existing algorithms can be divided into three classes [6,7]: re-watermarking, segmented watermarking and composite watermarking. Re-watermarking places watermarks one on top of another consecutively and the watermark signal could only be detected in the corresponding watermarked image using the former watermarked signal as the original image.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple Watermarking Based on the Principle of Orthogonality

Xiao

Leng

2013

AMM

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The idea of orthogonal space is introduced into multiple watermarking, and a new type of multiple watermarking method based on the principle of orthogonality is summarized. Two different subclasses are introduced, while in one subclass, the watermarks are made to be orthogonal to each other before embedded, and in the other subclass, the watermarks are embedded into the cover vectors which are orthogonal to each other and extracted from the original cover. The performances of the two subclasses are compared and analyzed, and the analytic results show that the multiple watermarking method based on the principle of orthogonality has very good performances, such as the capacity of singular watermark and the number of watermarks that can be embedded, and what's more, it can avoid the interference of one watermark signal with another.

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