A Multiple Blockchains Architecture on Inter-Blockchain Communication

Kan, Luo; Yu, Wei; Muhammad, Amjad Hafiz; Wang, Siyuan; Linchao, Gao; Hu, Kai

doi:10.1109/qrs-c.2018.00037

Cited by 143 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It uses efficient chain-to-chain communication technology to remove the consortium blockchain, thus further maintaining data privacy in private blockchains. Of course, the communication scheme across multiple private blockchains need be secured as proposed [111].…”

Section: Challenges and Potential Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Technology in Current Agricultural Systems: From Techniques to Applications

et al. 2020

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Increasingly, blockchain technology is attracting significant attentions in various agricultural applications. These applications could satisfy the diverse needs in the ecosystem of agricultural products, e.g., increasing transparency of food safety and IoT based food quality control, provenance traceability, improvement of contract exchanges, and transactions efficiency. As multiple untrusted parties, including small-scale farmers, food processors, logistic companies, distributors and retailers, are involved into the complex farm-to-fork pipeline, it becomes vital to achieve optimal trade-off between efficiency and integrity of the agricultural management systems as required in contexts. In this paper, we provide a survey to study both techniques and applications of blockchain technology used in the agricultural sector. First, the technical elements, including data structure, cryptographic methods, and consensus mechanisms are explained in detail. Secondly, the existing agricultural blockchain applications are categorized and reviewed to demonstrate the use of the blockchain techniques. In addition, the popular platforms and smart contract are provided to show how practitioners use them to develop these agricultural applications. Thirdly, we identify the key challenges in many prospective agricultural systems, and discuss the efforts and potential solutions to tackle these problems. Further, we conduct an improved food supply chain in the post COVID-19 pandemic economy as an illustration to demonstrate an effective use of blockchain technology. INDEX TERMS Blockchain technology, agricultural applications, food supply chains management, data integrity, traceability.

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Section: Challenges and Potential Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Technology in Current Agricultural Systems: From Techniques to Applications

et al. 2020

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“…These solutions include but not limited to upgrading Bitcoin (increasing block size or conducting Segregated Witness), scalable consensus algorithms, statechannels, and multiple sidechains structure. Previous surveys including [31]- [38] discuss the aforementioned solutions, but involve no information about the sharding which has been realized to be the most practical solution so far for a scale-out Blockchain system. Thus, there have been several recent studies presenting their own sharding mechanisms, as well as surveys that manage to summarize them and propose new benchmarks [4], [3], [33], [39]- [51].…”

Section: B Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey: Sharding in Blockchains

Wang

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

178

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The Blockchain technology, featured with its decentralized tamper-resistance based on a Peer-to-Peer network, has been widely applied in financial applications, and even further been extended to industrial applications. However, the weak scalability of traditional Blockchain technology severely affects the wide adoption due to the well-known trillema of decentralization-security-scalability in Blockchains. In regards to this issue, a number of solutions have been proposed, targeting to boost the scalability while preserving the decentralization and security. They range from modifying the on-chain data structure and consensus algorithms to adding the off-chain technologies. Therein, one of the most practical methods to achieve horizontal scalability along with the increasing network size is sharding, by partitioning network into multiple shards so that the overhead of duplicating communication, storage, and computation in each full node can be avoided. This paper presents a survey focusing on sharding in Blockchains in a systematic and comprehensive way. We provide detailed comparison and quantitative evaluation of major sharding mechanisms, along with our insights analyzing the features and restrictions of the existing solutions. We also provide theoretical upper-bound of the throughput for each considered sharding mechanism. The remaining challenges and future research directions are also reviewed.

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“…The networking property strongly influences other properties. For example, the procedure characteristic (e.g., atomic cross-chain swap [13], three phase commit [15]) influences transaction speed as it determines the number of verifications and requests between the distributed ledgers. We describe these implications in more detail in Section 4.4.…”

Section: Patterns Of Cross-chain Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridges Between Islands: Cross-Chain Technology for Distributed Ledger Technology

Kannengießer¹,

Pfister²,

Greulich³

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

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Since the emergence of blockchain in 2008, we see a kaleidoscopic variety of applications built on distributed ledger technology (DLT), including applications for financial services, healthcare, or the Internet of Things. Each application comes with specific requirements for DLT characteristics (e.g., high throughput, scalability). However, trade-offs between DLT characteristics restrict the development of a DLT design (e.g., Ethereum, IOTA) that fits all use cases' requirements. Separated DLT designs emerged, each specialized to suite dedicated application requirements. To enable the development of more powerful applications on DLT, such DLT islands must be bridged. However, knowledge of cross-chain technology (CCT) is scattered across scientific and practical sources. Therefore, we examine this diverse body of knowledge and provide comprehensive insights into CCT by synthesizing its underlying characteristics, evolving patterns, and use cases. Our findings resolve contradictions in the literature and provide avenues for future research in an emerging scientific field.

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A Multiple Blockchains Architecture on Inter-Blockchain Communication

Cited by 143 publications

References 7 publications

Blockchain Technology in Current Agricultural Systems: From Techniques to Applications

Blockchain Technology in Current Agricultural Systems: From Techniques to Applications

Survey: Sharding in Blockchains

Bridges Between Islands: Cross-Chain Technology for Distributed Ledger Technology

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