Abstract:Training of surgical residents and the establishment of innovative surgical techniques require training phantoms that realistically mimic human anatomy. Because animal models have their limitations due to ethical aspects, costs, and the required efforts to set up such training, artificial phantoms are a promising alternative. In the field of image-guided surgery, the challenge lies in developing phantoms that are accurate both anatomically and in terms of imaging properties, while taking the cost factor into a… Show more
“…Although the traditional MOs have greatly benefited humankind, their limitations should not be underestimated. In the perioperative period, MOs are constrained by time and space, and the cost of human and material resources is high [3]- [5]. For this reason, researchers have been looking for new technologies to innovate MOs.…”
Medical operations(MOs) are essential in healthcare, and they are also a big concept that includes various operations during the perioperative period. Traditional operation exposes its limitations during the perioperative period, reflected in medical training, surgical preparation, and postoperative rehabilitation. Serious Games for Medical Operation (SGMO) offer new ways and complementary solutions to support MOs. Methods: As a review, this paper analyzes the development of SGMO and considers various aspects of the SGMO, such as interface, functions, and technologies. Results and conclusion: By combining MO and serious games' characteristics, the paper classifies SGMO and analyzes their features and functions for different groups of users and at various stages of the perioperative period (before, during, and after an MO). Interactive technologies used in SGMO are presented from a visual, haptic, and auditory perspective. Significance: This paper reviews the development of SGMO, summarizes its functions and technologies. Besides, it presents representative products and suggests future research directions.
“…Although the traditional MOs have greatly benefited humankind, their limitations should not be underestimated. In the perioperative period, MOs are constrained by time and space, and the cost of human and material resources is high [3]- [5]. For this reason, researchers have been looking for new technologies to innovate MOs.…”
Medical operations(MOs) are essential in healthcare, and they are also a big concept that includes various operations during the perioperative period. Traditional operation exposes its limitations during the perioperative period, reflected in medical training, surgical preparation, and postoperative rehabilitation. Serious Games for Medical Operation (SGMO) offer new ways and complementary solutions to support MOs. Methods: As a review, this paper analyzes the development of SGMO and considers various aspects of the SGMO, such as interface, functions, and technologies. Results and conclusion: By combining MO and serious games' characteristics, the paper classifies SGMO and analyzes their features and functions for different groups of users and at various stages of the perioperative period (before, during, and after an MO). Interactive technologies used in SGMO are presented from a visual, haptic, and auditory perspective. Significance: This paper reviews the development of SGMO, summarizes its functions and technologies. Besides, it presents representative products and suggests future research directions.
Considering the increasing demand for personalized surgical care, as well as current healthcare resources limitations, the use of anatomical accurate 3D physical phantoms is becoming increasingly important for the training of surgeons and the test of surgical instruments. A lack of physical models is nowadays denoted regarding the training in electrosurgery, despite its wide diffusion in medical practice. This work reports an extensive characterization of electrosurgical physical phantoms fabricated with tissue‐mimicking ionogels and hydrogels. A careful design of the conductive gels allow the fine tuning of their mechanical and electrical properties, in order to match those of biological tissues. The manufacturing of a novel multi‐material skin stratification bench‐top pad is reported together with its use for training in both cold and electrical surgery. Furthermore, a feasibility study is reported, showing the use of conductive ionogels for simulating the coagulation of cortical vessels during brain surgery.
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