A Multigroup Item Response Theory Analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised.

Bolt, Daniel M.; Hare, Robert D.; Vitale, Jennifer E.; Newman, Joseph P.

doi:10.1037/1040-3590.16.2.155

Cited by 221 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Criteria that demonstrate DCF need not reflect bias or variance across subgroups if the DCF occurs in opposing directions (e.g., some criteria result in greater discrimination or severity among men while others demonstrate the opposite effect) (Cooke et al 2001;Bolt et al 2004). Whether DCF actually reflects invariance across subgroups can be determined if the observed criterion-level DCFs cancel out at the total test (scale) score level.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although Lord (1952) initially emphasized the importance of the unidimensionality assumption, more recent evidence has shown that with sufficient sample sizes and the dominance of one dimension, IRT parameter estimates are stable and accurately represent the underlying data (Reckase, 1979;Dragow and Parsons, 1983;Harrison, 1986;Hambleton, 1989;Drasgow and Hulin, 1990). However, the parameters of the IRT model are most interpretable when the criteria reflect a single unitary dimension (Stout, 1987;Downing, 2003;Bolt et al 2004;Krueger et al 2004). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The role of alcohol consumption in future classifications of alcohol use disorders

Saha

Stinson

Grant

2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

199

201

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Background-Item response theory (IRT) was used to determine whether DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence and consumption criteria were arrayed along a continuum of severity.Methods-Data came from a large, nationally representative sample of the U.S. adult population.Results-DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence criteria formed a continuum of alcohol use disorder severity along with the drinking 5+/4+ at least once a week in the past year criterion. Criteria were invariant across sex, race-ethnicity, and age subgroups. Conclusion-The drinking 5+/4+ high-risk drinking pattern was identified as a suitable criterion for future classifications of DSM-IV alcohol use disorder. Some dependence criteria were among the least severe criteria, and some abuse criteria were among the most severe, findings that question the validity of DSM-IV abuse and dependence categories as distinct entities and that do not support the assumption of abuse as prodromal to dependence. Physical dependence and addiction were identified as defining elements of the continuum. Further research examining their dimensional properties and relationships to high-risk drinking patterns appears warranted. An approach highlighting a more important role of consumption in future classifications of alcohol use disorder defined broadly to encompass all alcohol-related harm, including addiction and physical dependence is discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of alcohol consumption in future classifications of alcohol use disorders

Saha

Stinson

Grant

2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

199

201

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“…For these reasons the term psychopathic in our article refers to people with a PCL-R score of at least 30, an extreme score obtained by about 15% of the male offenders, and 10% of the female offenders, described by Hare. 20 Nonetheless, we note that there are ethnic and sex differences in the functioning of individual PCL-R items [34][35][36][37] and in the external correlates of the PCL-R and other measures of psychopathy. 4,7,20,39 The patterning and significance of these differences are the subject of much of the current empirical research on psychopathy.…”

Section: Pcl-r Assessment Of Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IRT analyses indicate that PCL-R scores in the upper range (around 30) appear to reflect much the same level of psychopathy in North American male offenders as they do in female offenders, male forensic psychiatric patients, male offenders assessed from file reviews, and European male offenders and forensic psychiatric patients. [34][35][36] Similarly, IRT analyses 37 and a meta-analytic review 38 indicate that the PCL-R total scores function similarly in African-American and Caucasian offenders and patients. For these reasons the term psychopathic in our article refers to people with a PCL-R score of at least 30, an extreme score obtained by about 15% of the male offenders, and 10% of the female offenders, described by Hare.…”

Section: Pcl-r Assessment Of Psychopathymentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychopathy: Assessment and Forensic Implications

2009

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Psychopathy was the first personality disorder to be recognized in psychiatry. The concept has a long historical and clinical tradition, and in the last decade a growing body of research has supported its validity. 1, p 28 I n the decade following this 1998 statement, the theoretical and empirical literature on psychopathy has expanded virtually at an exponential rate, with the addition of well over 500 scientific publications and many books and edited volumes. Much of this literature examines and evaluates the application of psychopathy to the mental health and criminal justice systems, 2-4 where it has been described as "the most important and useful psychological construct yet discovered for criminal justice policies" 5, p 231 and as "what may be the most important forensic concept of the early 21st century." 6, book jacket However, the past few years have also seen a dramatic increase in basic research based on the theories and methodologies from basic science including, but certainly not limited to, behavioural genetics, developmental psychopathology, cognitive-affective neuroscience, biochemistry, general personality theory, 7 and organizational psychology. 8 In 2004, the SSSP was established as a vehicle for the exchange of ideas and research findings among international investigators. Because psychopathy is associated with so much social and personal damage and distress, the basic and applied research endeavours are now

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“…Interpersonal and affective features were described as the core factors of the ''psychopathic personality'' [8,32] and research with adults suggested that these were the most distinctive and defining aspects of the disorder [13]. Studies with male offenders [5,13,14] examined the item response theory (IRT) to test item functioning and concluded that the interpersonal/affective dimension was generally more discriminating and provided more information about the construct than behavioral items. Vincent and Hart utilized the IRT with adolescent boys: Their findings indicated that psychopathy in adolescent boys was a coherent construct and that there were some similarities in item functioning between male adolescents and adults [76].…”

Section: J Psychopathy In Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining relations between psychopathology and psychopathy dimensions among adolescent female and male offenders

Sevecke

Lehmkuhl

Krischer

2008

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Aim: This study was performed to investigate relations between psychopathology and psychopathy in adolescent female and male detainees. Method: We examined 91 male and 123 female adolescent detainees (aged 14–19) for psychopathology -using the Youth Self Report, the Overt Aggression Scale-Modified and a Conduct Disorder Self Report Scale- and for psychopathic dimensions using the psychopathy checklist youth version (PCL:YV). Based on a linear regression analysis we compared the specific associations between psychopathology and psychopathy in both male and female delinquent juveniles. Results: Our results revealed higher scores for externalizing behavior and psychopathic dimensions in delinquent males, and higher internalizing problem scores in delinquent females. Furthermore, we found a positive relationship between suicidal behavior and the psychopathy total score as well as the affective, the lifestyle and the antisocial dimension only in girls. No association was found for suicidal behavior in boys. Regarding anxious-depressive behavior, we found a negative relation to the psychopathy total score and to the affective psychopathy factor for the boys. Conclusion: Expectedly, the population of incarcerated adolescents exhibited a high prevalence of psychopathology. At the same time our results referred to meaningful gender-related differences with respect to associations with psychopathy. The gender-related differences in psychopathological symptoms could indicate varied subtypes of psychopathy in boys and girls

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A Multigroup Item Response Theory Analysis of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised.

Cited by 221 publications

References 57 publications

The role of alcohol consumption in future classifications of alcohol use disorders

The role of alcohol consumption in future classifications of alcohol use disorders

Psychopathy: Assessment and Forensic Implications

Examining relations between psychopathology and psychopathy dimensions among adolescent female and male offenders

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