A Multifactorial Regulation of Glutathione Metabolism behind Salt Tolerance in Rice

Abstract

Knowledge of the stress-induced metabolic alterations in tolerant and sensitive plants is pivotal for identifying interesting traits that improve plant resilience toward unfavorable environmental conditions. This represents a hot topic area of plant science, particularly for crops, due to its implication in food security. Two rice varieties showing dissimilar resistance to salt, Baldo and Vialone Nano, have been studied to investigate the mechanisms underpinning tolerance toward salinity, and these studies have focused on the root system. A detailed analysis of the salt stress-dependent modulation of the redox network is here presented. The different phenotype observed after salt exposure in the two rice varieties is coherent with a differential regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell-death patterns observed at root level. Baldo, the tolerant variety, already showed a highly responsive antioxidative capacity in control conditions. Consistently, stressed Baldo plants showed a different pattern of H2O2 accumulation compared to Vialone Nano. Moreover, glutathione metabolism was finely modulated at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels in Baldo. These results contribute to highlight the role of ROS and antioxidative pathways as a part of a complex redox network activated in rice toward salt stress.

Cloning and Function Analysis of the CsTAU1 in Response to Salt–Alkali Stress

“…In summary, GST can actively respond to salt stress. Previous studies have confirmed the important role of GST in improving salt tolerance in plants such as rice [12], garlic [13], and tomato [14] in vivo. However, there have been no reports on the mechanism of how GST plays a role in cucumber growth and reducing salt-alkali damage.…”

Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Rice Leaves Response to High Saline–Alkali Stress

“…In plants, an initial stress response is generally related to glutathione metabolism. Reduced glutathione (GSH) acts as a redox buffer to maintain the intracellular reduction status [ 36 ]. The AsA–GSH cycle is indispensable in eliminating H 2 O 2 .…”

“…Glutathione acts as an antioxidative substrate by conjugating with toxic electrophilic compounds, scavenging free radicals, and reducing peroxides [ 52 , 53 ]. For example, a salt-tolerant rice variety has a higher glutathione content than a salt-sensitive variety [ 36 ]. In plants exposed to salt stress, the glutathione redox state is disturbed and GSH is oxidized to GSSG [ 54 ].…”

Effects of Myo-Inositol on NaCl Stress in Tamarix ramosissima: Insights from Transcriptomics and Metabolomics

“…NaCl stress adversely affects plants by inducing osmotic stress, ion toxicity, nutritional imbalance, and oxidative stress, which can retard plant growth and even cause death [45][46][47]. In addition, excessive accumulation of ROS is a secondary stress that further impairs plant performance [48].…”