A multidisciplinary study of middle Miocene seep-carbonates from the northern Apennine foredeep (Italy)

Miocene tubular concretions in East Coast Basin, New Zealand: Analogue for the subsurface plumbing of cold seeps

“…The concretionary bodies have been referred to as tubular concretions, pipes, chimneys, doughnuts, circular-pipe-like cavities, cylindrical concretions, and variations of these names, all having a central hole or conduit running the length of the concretions, which may be filled with sediment or cements (e.g. Kulm and Suess, 1990;Jensen et al, 1992;Orpin, 1997;Aiello et al, 1999Aiello et al, , 2001Lédesert et al, 2003;Mazzini et al, 2003;Clari et al, 2004;Conti et al, 2004;Conti and Fontana, 2005;Hovland et al, 2005;De Boever et al, 2006). In the majority of cases, the size of these concretions is measured in centimetres to a few tens of centimetres, exceptions being examples from Kattegat, Denmark (Jensen et al, 1992), Gulf of Cadiz, Portugal (Díaz-del-Río et al, 2003), Bulgaria (De Boever et al, 2006), and New Zealand (Lédesert et al, 2003;Nyman et al, 2006), where the tubular features are unusually large (up to 10 m or more in length and 4 m in diameter).…”

“…1), the emphasis has been on their sea floor expressions and carbonate deposits (e.g. Campbell et al, 2002;Peckmann et al, 2002;Mazzini et al, 2003;Schwartz et al, 2003;Conti et al, 2004, Conti andFontana, 2005;Hovland et al, 2005;Gay et al, 2006a,b;Campbell et al, 2008) rather than their subsurface features (Aiello et al, 2001;Clari et al, 2004;De Boever et al, 2006). Several Tertiary mudrock sequences in New Zealand contain tubular concretions that may provide a unique window into the subsurface plumbing system beneath paleoseeps.…”

Subsurface seepage dynamics and flow types in a Messinian paleoseep system (Maiella Mts., Central Italy)

“…Concretions with a central hole running their length, whether filled or not, are commonly interpreted as conduits in cold seep settings (e.g., Orpin, 1997;Aiello et al, 1999;Mazzini et al, 2003;Clari et al, 2004;Conti et al, 2004;Conti and Fontana, 2005;Hovland et al, 2005;De Boever et al, 2006;Nyman et al, 2010;Dela Pierre et al, 2010). In spite of the more commonly documented dm-and even mscale cemented columns (Kulm and Suess, 1990;Aiello et al, 2001;Díaz-del-Río et al, 2003;Clari et al, 2004;Campbell et al, 2008;De Boever et al, 2009;Nyman et al, 2010), in the Maiella area only microconcretions are associated with seep carbonates.…”

Origins of Soft-Sediment Deformation Structures from the Batang Paleodammed Lakes in the Upper Jinsha River, SE Tibetan Plateau

“…SSD can be induced by many natural processes, including gravity acting, overloading, unequal loading, wave-induced cyclical or impulsive stresses, shear by aqueous or other currents, storms, sudden changes in groundwater level, or earthquakes [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. SSD features are known from a wide variety of depositional environments, both terrestrial: fluvial, aelolian or volcanic [9][10][11], or marine: shore, turbiditic, subglacial [12][13][14], but they are particularly well-reported from lacustrine depositional environments [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. The relative abundance of seismites in lacustrine successions is explained by Sims [15] in terms of: (1) the presence of water-saturated sediments; (2) the presence of sediments with high susceptibility to liquefaction; (3) the absence of hydrodynamic and sedimentary processes able to obliterate the products of seismically-induced deformation.…”

“…The likely products are pervasive structures that deform existing stratification [33]. Fluidization occurs when the upwarddirected shear of fluid flowing through a porous medium counteracts the grain weight, reducing the material strength [2,9,21,24]. The process may develop new stratification [20].…”