A Multidisciplinary Methodology for Technological Knowledge, Characterization and Diagnostics: Sandstone Facades in Florentine Architectural Heritage

Centauro, Irene; Vitale, Jacopo Giuseppe; Calandra, Sara; Salvatici, Teresa; Natali, Claudio; Coppola, Michele; Intrieri, Emanuele; Garzonio, Carlo Alberto

doi:10.3390/app12094266

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Physical and mechanical characterization was performed in order to identify internal defects and inhomogeneities and to assess the resistance and durability of the tested materials [54,55].…”

Section: Physico-mechanical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Vp ranges from the maximum value of 3512 m/s to the minimum value of 2420 m/s. This wide range is due to the heterogeneity of the investigated samples, which are composed of coarse aggregate, void, and mortar; in fact, while the stone can be characterized by Vp values of about 4500 m/s [54,55], the mortar can be represented by lower velocity. To estimate the contribution of these stones with respect to the whole mortar and voids, the ratios between stone fragments and mortar were calculated for each investigated sample (Table 3).…”

Section: Physico-mechanical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Mortars of Florence Riverbanks: Raw Materials and Technologies of Lungarni Historical Masonry

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study of structural masonry joined to geohydrological hazards in cultural heritage represents a multidisciplinary theme, which requires consideration of several aspects, among them the characterization of the materials used. In this paper, a first complete chemical, minero-petrographic, and physico-mechanical characterization of core samples taken from the masonry of two Florence riverbanks (Lungarno degli Acciaiuoli and Lungarno delle Grazie) is performed in order to identify the raw materials, technologies, and state of conservation and to support the planning of maintenance and restoration interventions. The physico-mechanical characterization of the riverbanks allows their stability to be determined. Such investigations allow identification of the level of compactness and cohesion of masonry; this information is useful for planning emergency interventions and for supporting planned restoration activities. The results provide valid support for the design of riverbank safety projects, to mitigate the risk of their collapse and to decrease the flood risk in the historic center of Florence.

show abstract

Section: Physico-mechanical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Physico-mechanical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mortars of Florence Riverbanks: Raw Materials and Technologies of Lungarni Historical Masonry

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A 3D data volume can be produced for each investigated physical parameter, and their integrated interpretation represents the final step of the different independent processes. In this way, the final high-resolution 3D models produced can provide complete 3D mapping of the studied artifacts, which is useful for conservation and restoration [ 2 , 3 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques

Casula

Fais

Cuccuru

et al. 2023

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Here, an avant-garde study of three ancient Doric columns of the precious, ancient Romanesque church of Saints Lorenzo and Pancrazio in the historical town center of Cagliari (Italy) is presented based on the integrated application of different non-destructive testing methods. The limitations of each methodology are overcome by the synergistic application of these methods, affording an accurate, complete 3D image of the studied elements. Our procedure begins with a macroscopic in situ analysis to provide a preliminary diagnosis of the conditions of the building materials. The next step is laboratory tests, in which the porosity and other textural characteristics of the carbonate building materials are studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. After this, a survey with a terrestrial laser scanner and close-range photogrammetry is planned and executed to produce accurate high-resolution 3D digital models of the entire church and the ancient columns inside. This was the main objective of this study. The high-resolution 3D models allowed us to identify architectural complications occurring in historical buildings. The 3D reconstruction with the above metric techniques was indispensable for planning and carrying out the 3D ultrasonic tomography, which played an important role in detecting defects, voids, and flaws within the body of the studied columns by analyzing the propagation of the ultrasonic waves. The high-resolution 3D multiparametric models allowed us to obtain an extremely accurate picture of the conservation state of the studied columns in order to locate and characterize both shallow and internal defects in the building materials. This integrated procedure can aid in the control of the spatial and temporal variations in the materials’ properties and provides information on the process of deterioration in order to allow adequate restoration solutions to be developed and the structural health of the artefact to be monitored.

show abstract

“…In this work, ultrasonic pulse velocity and Schmidt hammer were selected as simple, cost-effective and straightforward methods to estimate the mechanical properties of building stones. These NDT were chosen because they enable continuous monitoring, which is useful in assessing the evolution of the state of conservation of the materials [1,2]. Many studies have investigated the possibility of estimating the Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) of rocks based on parameters derived from NDT techniques such as rebound index (R) obtained from the Schmidt hammer, and P-wave velocity (Vp) obtained from the ultrasonic pulse velocity test, either separately or together [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive methods applied for in situ mechanical diagnosis: Florentine historical buildings in Pietra Serena

et al. 2023

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Uniaxial Compressive Strength (UCS) is a key indicator of the mechanical properties of a rock, particularly in the diagnostic and restoration phases when stones are employed as construction material. In historical buildings, it is important to determine UCS values without utilizing tests that involve destructive rock sampling. To estimate UCS, non-destructive techniques, such as ultrasonic pulse velocity (Vp) and Schmidt hammer tests (R), can be combined to provide a useful tool. However, for architectural elements with complex morphology, it is sometimes impossible to perform both ultrasonic and sclerometric test. Three different UCS predictive models, one using R only, one using Vp and one using both, have been developed through regression techniques on a dataset comprising 45 Pietra Serena sandstone samples with varying levels of decay. The models were tested for their performance through Cross-Validation techniques and were then applied to a dataset of Vp and R values measured in situ on Pietra Serena corbels of balconies belonging to historical buildings in Florence (Italy). The specific predictive models were applied to real case studies, and the UCS of the rocks used in historical buildings was calculated, enabling the definition of the mechanical characteristics of building elements belonging to an important cultural context, Florentine historical architecture, without using destructive testing.

show abstract

A Multidisciplinary Methodology for Technological Knowledge, Characterization and Diagnostics: Sandstone Facades in Florentine Architectural Heritage

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

The Mortars of Florence Riverbanks: Raw Materials and Technologies of Lungarni Historical Masonry

The Mortars of Florence Riverbanks: Raw Materials and Technologies of Lungarni Historical Masonry

Diagnostic Process of an Ancient Colonnade Using 3D High-Resolution Models with Non-Invasive Multi Techniques

Non-destructive methods applied for in situ mechanical diagnosis: Florentine historical buildings in Pietra Serena

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About