A multicenter, randomized study of an extended cycle oral contraceptive

Anderson, Freedolph D.; Hait, Howard

doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(03)00141-0

Cited by 232 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Interestingly, there is no medical reason for the low hormone (placebo) phase of the hormonal contraceptive regimen (Anderson and Hait 2003). As a leading textbook on clinical gynecological endocrinology states: Monthly bleeding, periodic bleeding, or no bleeding-this is an individual woman's choice (Speroff and Fritz 2005, pg 908).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact, females can entirely avoid hormonal fluctuations and the low hormone phase by sustained contraceptive use. Indeed, some forms of contraception, such as the oral contraceptive Seasonale, now eliminate the placebo and ensure that low hormone phase does not occur (Anderson and Hait 2003). If the decrease in hormones affects females in a costly manner then there is an incentive for avoiding this phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the placebo or non-active phase of the contraceptive regimen there are no exogenous hormones being provided to the body; this lowering of both progesterone and estrogen through exogenous means leads to withdrawal bleeding caused by the withdrawal of exogenous hormones (Speroff and Fritz 2005). There is no biological or medical necessity to induce this withdrawal bleeding (Anderson and Hait 2003). Since menstrual bleeding is caused by low hormones, it allows for easy identification of a low hormone phase for research purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, females could entirely avoid hormonal fluctuations by sustained contraceptive use. Indeed, some forms of contraception do ensure that this occurs (Anderson and Hait 2003). If the decrease in hormones affects females in an economically costly manner then one could expect that there is some demand to prolong contraceptive use among the female population which has become evident by recent prolonged-use contraceptives such as Seasonale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Menstrual Cycle and Performance Feedback Alter Gender Differences in Competitive Choices

Wozniak

Harbaugh²,

Mayr³

2014

Journal of Labor Economics

184

132

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Economic experiments have shown that in mixed gender groups women are more reluctant than men to choose tournaments when given the choice between piece rate and winner-take-all tournament style compensation. These gender difference experiments have all relied on a framework where subjects were not informed of their abilities relative to potential competitors. We replicate these findings with math and word tasks, and then show that feedback about relative performance moves high ability females towards more competitive compensation schemes, moves low ability men towards less competitive schemes such as piece rate and group pay, and removes the average gender difference in compensation choices. We also examine between and within-subjects differences in choices for females across the menstrual cycle. We find women's relative reluctance to choose tournaments comes mostly from women in the low hormone phase of their menstrual cycle. Women in the high hormone phase are substantially more willing to compete than women in the low phase, though still somewhat less willing to compete than men. There are no significant differences between the choices of any of these groups after they receive relative performance feedback.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Menstrual Cycle and Performance Feedback Alter Gender Differences in Competitive Choices

Wozniak

Harbaugh²,

Mayr³

2014

Journal of Labor Economics

184

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It extends the menstrual cycle for 84 days followed by 7 days of actual menstrual flow. Studies 72,73 are showing Seasonale to be an effective OC and safe, relative to dosage, for the treatment of moderate acne. 74 Other "off label" uses of oral contraceptives include treatment for iron deficiency anemia, acne vulgaris, menstrual disorders, and osteoporosis.…”

Section: Allopathic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A narrative review of medical, chiropractic, and alternative health practices in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea

Spears

2005

Journal of Chiropractic Medicine

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Continuous or extended cycle vs. cyclic use of combined hormonal contraceptives for contraception

Edelman

Gallo²,

Jensen

et al. 2005

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Evidence from existing randomized control trials comparing COCs given continuously (greater than 28 days of active pills) to traditional monthly cyclic dosing (21 days of active pills and 7 days of placebo) is of good quality. However, the variations in type of pill and time length for continuous dosing make direct comparisons between regimens impossible. Future studies should choose a previously described type of pill and dosing regimen. More attention needs to be directed towards participant satisfaction and menstruation-associated symptoms.

show abstract

A multicenter, randomized study of an extended cycle oral contraceptive

Cited by 232 publications

References 4 publications

The Menstrual Cycle and Performance Feedback Alter Gender Differences in Competitive Choices

The Menstrual Cycle and Performance Feedback Alter Gender Differences in Competitive Choices

A narrative review of medical, chiropractic, and alternative health practices in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea

Continuous or extended cycle vs. cyclic use of combined hormonal contraceptives for contraception

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