A multi-station apparatus for fatiguing fibres in various environments

Clark, I. E.; Hearle, J. W. S.; Taylor, Alan R.

doi:10.1088/0022-3735/13/5/012

J. Phys. E: Sci. Instrum.

1980

DOI: 10.1088/0022-3735/13/5/012

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A multi-station apparatus for fatiguing fibres in various environments

I. E. Clark

J. W. S. Hearle

Alan R. Taylor

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Cited by 12 publications

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“…Most studies concerned with the effects of such stresses have been limited to , just one kind of mechanical stress, for example, the application of tensile stresses to fibers exposed to controlled chemical and temperature environments. In a somewhat more complex study, Hearle and co-workers [3] subjected fibers in different chemical environments to bending stresses during biaxial rotation; however, there does not seem to be any generally accepted instrumentation designed to apply: controlled combinations of tensile, bending, and abrasive stresses to filaments or yarns under various environmental conditions. Galbraith [4] has reviewed the state of knowledge of abrasion of textile&dquo;'I'surfaces, including descriptions of abrasion instruments in common use at the present time.…”

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Design and Use of a Cyclic Tensile Abrader for Filaments and Yarns-A Study of Polyester Monofilament Wear

Miller

Friedman

Turner

1983

Textile Research Journal

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An apparatus has been developed that imposes an adjustable constant axial tensile load on filaments, yarns, or fabric strips during cyclic rubbing over pins in various configurations and under controlled temperatures and specific chemical environments. The action is intended to simulate the combinations of tensile, bending, and abrasive stresses experienced by fibrous materials during processing and end use. The number of cycles to rupture (or specimen lifetime) is automatically recorded, and there is provision for monitoring the elongation of the specimen under stress.The use of the cyclic tensile abrader is demonstrated by means of a study of the influence of tensile loading, temperature, and rubbing configuration on the wear of a polyester monofilament sample in air. The reproducibility of both lifetimes and elongations is good, and the results are in accord with expectations for the behavior of this material under the stresses and conditions imposed. It appears that the basic design of the cyclic tensile abrader makes it suitable as a research tool as well as an accelerated wear testing device.Fibrous materials commonly experience combinations of mechanical, thermal, and chemical stresses during both processing and use. Most studies concerned with the effects of such stresses have been limited to , just one kind of mechanical stress, for example, the application of tensile stresses to fibers exposed to controlled chemical and temperature environments. In a somewhat more complex study, Hearle and co-workers [3] subjected fibers in different chemical environments to bending stresses during biaxial rotation; however, there does not seem to be any generally accepted instrumentation designed to apply: controlled combinations of tensile, bending, and abrasive stresses to filaments or yarns under various environmental conditions.Galbraith [4] has reviewed the state of knowledge of abrasion of textile&dquo;'I'surfaces, including descriptions of abrasion instruments in common use at the present time. That review discusses the complexity of the various mechanisms. of abrasion and the lack of success in using abrasion tests to predict durability or serviceability of a fabric. The American Society for Testing and Materials test method D-1175 [ 1 ] gives instructions for abrasion testing by six instruments. Of these six, only the Stoll Flexabrader [8] permits testing yams in addition to fabrics. Another device, the Reutlinger Webtester, subjects yarns to some of the stresses encountered in weaving for the purpose of evaluating the performance of sizes [9]. None of the devices seems particularly suitable for studies under controlled environments at elevated temperatures.The apparatus described in this report was developed to permit an adjustable constant axial tensile load to be imposed on filaments or yarns during cyclic rubbing over curved surfaces. Provisions for continuously monitoring the elongation of the sample and for au-.tomatically determining the number of cycles to rupture are included. An important feature of ...

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confidence: 99%

Design and Use of a Cyclic Tensile Abrader for Filaments and Yarns-A Study of Polyester Monofilament Wear

Miller

Friedman

Turner

1983

Textile Research Journal

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Failure mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament prostheses:In vitro wear study

Poddevin

King

Guidoin

1997

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Previous retrieval studies analyzing the cause of failure of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) prostheses identified a wear mechanism. However, the relative importance of yarn on bone compared to yarn on yarn wear has not been clearly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to elucidate which type of wear is the dominant cause of clinical failure. A variety of ACL prosthetic structures were exposed to two in vitro tests: one for yarn on yarn and the other for a novel yarn on bone wear test system. The latter included the use of both smooth (uncut) and rough (cut) bone surfaces to simulate the conditions around the condyle and at the exit of the tibial tunnel, respectively. The damaged textile structures were viewed by SEM. The various fiber fracture morphologies were identified and classified for the two types of wear tests; for the smooth and rough bone surfaces; for the braided, knitted, woven, and twisted textile structures; and for the three types of fibers that were included: polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene. The results confirmed that yarn on bone and yarn on yarn wear phenomena are associated with significantly different failure mechanisms. While the more aggressive rough (or cut) bone causes more rapid and intense fiber damage and faster ACL failure than the smooth (uncut) osseous surface, both abradants cause the same type of abrasive wear phenomenon. Differences in failure mechanisms were identified between the different textile structures and the different fiber types. By interpreting the damaged fiber images from clinically failed and retrieved ACL prostheses, we are now able to confirm that the predominant cause of synthetic ACL failure is yarn on bone abrasion. Improvements in future ACL prosthesis designs will only be possible by eliminating or minimizing the effect of this type of abrasive wear.

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The sequence of damage in biaxial rotation fatigue of fibres

1989

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A multi-station apparatus for fatiguing fibres in various environments

Cited by 12 publications

References 3 publications

Design and Use of a Cyclic Tensile Abrader for Filaments and Yarns-A Study of Polyester Monofilament Wear

Design and Use of a Cyclic Tensile Abrader for Filaments and Yarns-A Study of Polyester Monofilament Wear

Failure mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament prostheses:In vitro wear study

The sequence of damage in biaxial rotation fatigue of fibres

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