“…The widespread recognition of MSS is that it has been defined as having different performance levels and/or some failure modes with corresponding effects on the system's entire performance. Many researchers have made various contributions for the MSS reliability evaluation and modeling theory recently [13,23,8,9,27,40]. The commonly adopted methods have five basic approaches, such as, an extension of binary theory to MSS cases, the stochastic process approach, the universal generating function (UGF), the Monte-Carlo simulation and recursive algorithm etc [14,45,22,19,2,20,37].…”