A multi-purpose firmness tester for fruits and vegetables

Duprat, F.; Grotte, Marie; Piétri, Eric; Studman, C.J.

doi:10.1016/0168-1699(94)00045-r

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…2). Roots were compressed laterally with a blunt‐ended brass shaft (19 × 11 mm) driven by the piston of a mini‐cylinder connected to a pneumatic circuit (Duprat et al . 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root strength and trampling tolerance in the grass Paspalum dilatatum and the dicot Lotus glaber in flooded soil

et al. 2006

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Summary 1.We studied the differences in root strength of species with contrasting root structural types (the grass Paspalum dilatatum and the dicot Lotus glaber ), and their relationship with tolerance to simulated cattle trampling under flooding conditions. 2. Root strength was analysed through measurement of the pressure required to cause root collapse. The responses of aerenchyma and plant mass to flooding and trampling were studied. 3. Root aerenchyma increased from 28·0 to 40·2% in P. dilatatum and from 12·9 to 19·7% in L. glaber under flooding conditions. The increase in aerenchyma did not affect root strength in the relatively trampling-resistant roots of P. dilatatum : roots cracked at >380 kPa in all treatments. In contrast, roots of L. glaber were weaker, cracking at 260 kPa; flooded roots with air spaces irregularly dispersed in the cortex cracked at 115 kPa. 4. Trampling, flooding or their combination did not affect the biomass of P. dilatatum . Conversely, the isolated effects of either trampling or flooding both decreased biomass accumulation in L. glaber . The combination of both treatments killed all Lotus plants . 5. In conclusion, root strength was positively associated with soil trampling tolerance. The effect of aerenchyma tissue generation on root strength varies among root structural types. Aerenchyma tissue increases root weakness in the less stable structural type of the dicot species, but had no effect on the strength of the grass.

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“…2). Roots were compressed laterally with a blunt‐ended brass shaft (19 × 11 mm) driven by the piston of a mini‐cylinder connected to a pneumatic circuit (Duprat et al . 1995).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root strength and trampling tolerance in the grass Paspalum dilatatum and the dicot Lotus glaber in flooded soil

et al. 2006

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“…With this test the maximal penetration force is measured that is required to let a cylindrical probe penetrate in the apple flesh up to a predetermined depth. It is often performed manually (Duprat et al. 1995; Johnston et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Analysis of Penetrometric Force/Displacement Curves for the Characterization of   Whole Apple Fruits

Camps¹,

Guillermin²,

Mauget³

et al. 2005

Journal of Texture Studies

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The objective of the present study was to compare two chemometric approaches for characterizing the rheological properties of fruits from puncture test force/displacement curves. The first approach (parameter approach) computed six texture parameters from the curves, which were supposed to be representative of skin hardness, fruit deformation before skin rupture, flesh firmness and mechanical work needed to penetrate the fruit. The second approach (whole curve approach) used the whole digitized curve (300 data points) in further data processing. Two experimental studies were compared: first, the variability of the rheological parameters of five apple cultivars; second, the rheological variability that was characterized as a function of storage conditions. For both approaches, factorial discriminant analysis was applied to discriminate the fruits based on the measured rheological properties. The qualitative groups in factorial discriminant analysis were either the apple cultivar or the storage conditions (days and temperatures of storage). The tests were carried out using cross-validation procedures, making it possible to compute the number of fruits correctly identified. Thus the percentage of correct identification was 92% and 87% for using the parameter and the whole curve approaches, respectively. The discrimination of storage duration was less accurate for both approaches giving about 50% correct identifications. Comparison of the percentage of correct classifications based on the whole curve 3 Corresponding author.Journal of Texture Studies 36 (2005) 387-401. All Rights Reserved. © Copyright 2005, Blackwell Publishing 387 and the parameter approaches showed that the six computed parameters gave a good summary of the information present in the curve. The whole curve approach showed that some additional information, not present in the six parameters, may be appropriate for a complete description of the fruit rheology. KEYWORDSApple, digitized curve, factorial discriminant analysis, penetrometry, puncture test, storage, texture 388 C. CAMPS ET AL. COMPARISON OF TWO CHEMOMETRIC APPROACHES

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“…The puncture test is probably the most frequently used method for textural evaluation (Jackman et al 1990, Barrett et al 1998). However, in reality, the penetrometer (particularly when hand-held) is a very poor test to assess fruit properties and shows a poor self-correlation; thus, this device is not suitable for soft fruit or for fruits with a wide range of properties (Duprat et al 1995). In this study, we used flat-plate compression ( Figure S1), which is widely used by breeders in Xinjiang to test the firmness of tomato fruits to be processed, and the results showed that the four independent biological trials are significantly correlated ( Table 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of QTLs for red fruit firmness using the wild tomato species Solanum pennellii LA716 introgression lines

Shu

Wang

et al. 2016

Plant Breeding

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The introgression lines (ILs) of the wild tomato species Solanum pennellii have been widely used to identify genes related to yield, texture, disease resistance and stress tolerance. In addition to flavour, fruit firmness is an important evaluation index and essential trait indicating tomato fruit quality. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fruit firmness have been identified through hand squeezing and pericarp puncturing. However, these techniques hardly reveal the force value of the whole fruit suffering from rupture or deformation. In this study, S. pennellii ILs were used to identify QTLs related to fruit firmness through flat‐plate compression. Nine QTLs for enhancing and sixteen QTLs for decreasing fruit firmness were successfully identified. Compared with that of ‘M82’, the amount of QTLs that enhance fruit firmness increased by 8.76% to 21.00%, and the amount of QTLs that reduce fruit firmness decreased by −8.27% to −30.80%. The QTL Crf12a and Crf‐R‐7b is the strongest and weakest QTL, respectively, while they are very stable in all independent biological trials. Six QTLs should be further confirmed through open‐field trials.

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A multi-purpose firmness tester for fruits and vegetables

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Root strength and trampling tolerance in the grass Paspalum dilatatum and the dicot Lotus glaber in flooded soil

Root strength and trampling tolerance in the grass Paspalum dilatatum and the dicot Lotus glaber in flooded soil

Data Analysis of Penetrometric Force/Displacement Curves for the Characterization of   Whole Apple Fruits

Identification of QTLs for red fruit firmness using the wild tomato species Solanum pennellii LA716 introgression lines

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A multi-purpose firmness tester for fruits and vegetables

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Root strength and trampling tolerance in the grass Paspalum dilatatum and the dicot Lotus glaber in flooded soil

Root strength and trampling tolerance in the grass Paspalum dilatatum and the dicot Lotus glaber in flooded soil

Data Analysis of Penetrometric Force/Displacement Curves for the Characterization of Whole Apple Fruits

Identification of QTLs for red fruit firmness using the wild tomato species Solanum pennellii LA716 introgression lines

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Product

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Data Analysis of Penetrometric Force/Displacement Curves for the Characterization of   Whole Apple Fruits