A multi‐locus approach resolves the phylogenetic relationships of the <i>Simulium asakoae</i> and <i>Simulium ceylonicum</i> species groups in Malaysia: evidence for distinct evolutionary lineages

Low, Van Lun; Takaoka, Hiroyuki; Adler, Peter H.; Ya’cob, Zubaidah; Norma‐Rashid, Y.; Chen, C. D.; Sofian‐Azirun, Mohd

doi:10.1111/mve.12120

Cited by 43 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(58 reference statements)

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“…The Thai S. asakoae , however, was distributed from low to high altitudes (500–2100 m) with predominance at low altitude [ 23 ]. Based on these distinct ecological conditions between Thai populations and Malaysian populations, coupled with the previous genetic evidence [ 54 ], we suggest the presence of cryptic species in S. asakoae . Three species in each of the subgenus Gomphostilbia ( S. duolongum , S. cheongi and S. adleri ) and the subgenus Simulium ( S. nobile , S. jeffreyi and Simulium sp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Distribution pattern of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) assemblages along an altitudinal gradient in Peninsular Malaysia

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPreimaginal black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) are important components of the stream ecosystem. However, there has been limited research undertaken on the vertical distribution of preimaginal black flies and their associated ecological factors. Stream conditions are generally variable along the altitudinal gradient. Therefore, we conducted an in-depth entomological survey to investigate the simuliid distribution pattern along an altitudinal gradient in Peninsular Malaysia.MethodsA total of 432 collections were performed in this study (24 samplings at each of 18 fixed-streams at monthly intervals) from February 2012 to January 2014. Larvae and pupae attached on aquatic substrates such as grasses, leaves and stems, twigs, plant roots and rocks were collected by hand using fine forceps. Stream depth (m), width (m), velocity (m/s), water temperature (°C), acidity (pH), conductivity (mS/cm) and dissolved oxygen (mg/L) were measured at the time of each collection.ResultsA total of 35 black fly species were recorded in the present study. The most frequently collected species were Simulium tani (31.7 %) and S. whartoni (21.5 %), while the relatively common species were Simulium sp. (nr. feuerborni) (16.2 %), S. decuplum (15.5 %), S. angulistylum (14.8 %), S. bishopi (13.2 %) and S. izuae (11.8 %). Total estimated species richness ranged between 39.8 and 41.3, which yielded more than 80 % of sampling efficiency. Six simuliid species were distributed below 500 m, whereas eight species were distributed above 1400 m. Simulium sp. (nr. feuerborni) and S. asakoae were found from middle to high altitudes (711–1813 m). Simulium whartoni, S. brevipar and S. bishopi were distributed widely from low to high altitudes (159–1813 m). Regression analysis between species richness and PCs revealed that the species richness was significantly associated with wider, deeper and faster streams at low altitude, normal water temperature (23–25 °C), low conductivity, higher discharge, more canopy cover and riparian vegetation and with larger streambed particles (F = 20.8, df = 1, 422, P < 0.001). Forward logistic regression indicated four species were significantly related to the stream variables (S. whartoni, Simulium sp. (nr. feuerborni), S. tani and S. angulistylum). Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that the temperature, stream size and discharge were the most important factors contributing to the separation of the stream sites from different altitude and hence are the predictors for the distribution of black fly species assemblages.ConclusionsThis study has provided insight into the distribution pattern of preimaginal black fly assemblages along an altitudinal gradient in Peninsular Malaysia. This study could deepen our knowledge on the ecology and biology of the specialised taxa in response to environmental changes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Distribution pattern of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) assemblages along an altitudinal gradient in Peninsular Malaysia

et al. 2016

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“…nov. versus S. tanahrataense . Certain members of the S. asakoae species group were previously reported to share the same or closely similar COI gene sequences, e.g., S. udomi versus S. rampae ( Saeung et al 2017 , Srisuka et al 2019 ), and S. lurauense versus S. sofiani ( Low et al 2015 ). These data indicate that certain morphospecies of the S. asakoae species group, such as species within subgroups I, III, IV, VI, VII, and IX, are not separable genetically from one another, at least by a COI gene sequence-based analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships

Takaoka¹,

Srisuka²,

Fukuda³

et al. 2020

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Females and males reared from pupae, their pupal exuviae and cocoons, and mature larvae of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group from various localities in Thailand were morphologically examined. A total of 25 species was identified, including two of four known species (Simulium asakoae Takaoka & Davies and S. chiangdaoense Takaoka & Srisuka), one newly confirmed species (S. myanmarense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung, originally described from Myanmar), one newly transferred species (S. inthanonense Takaoka & Suzuki formerly of the S. ceylonicum species group), and 21 new species. Descriptions of all 21 new species are given, and the first full description of the male of S. inthanonense, together with the revised descriptions of its female, pupa, and larva, is also provided. Keys to identify all 27 members of this species group from Thailand are given for females, males, pupae, and larvae. The genetic relationships of all but one species were resolved using COI gene sequence-based analysis. All 26 species were divided into nine subgroups, I–IX, each consisting of two, one, four, nine, one, three, two, one and three species, respectively.

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“…DNA barcoding with COI is an alternative approach for species identification and discovery of cryptic species 21 22 . Yet, it, too, has limited utility for some morphologically and chromosomally similar species 15 16 23 24 . For instance, it does not resolve the taxonomic status among chromosomally distinct members of the S. tani complex in Thailand 20 or the morphologically defined members in Vietnam.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that a single locus for delimiting species boundaries can provide limited resolution, we applied a multi-gene approach, recognized for resolving evolutionary relationships in the Simuliidae 15 16 . Our results show that the mitochondria-encoded COI, COII, 12S rRNA, and 16S rRNA genes and the hypervariable region of the nuclear-encoded 28S rRNA fail to distinguish our taxa from Vietnam and Thailand, highlighting the need for additional markers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Delineating taxonomic boundaries in the largest species complex of black flies (Simuliidae) in the Oriental Region

Low

Takaoka

Pramual

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Perspicuous assessments of taxonomic boundaries and discovery of cryptic taxa are of paramount importance in interpreting ecological and evolutionary phenomena among black flies (Simuliidae) and combating associated vector-borne diseases. Simulium tani Takaoka & Davies is the largest and perhaps the most taxonomically challenging species complex of black flies in the Oriental Region. We use a DNA sequence-based method to delineate currently recognized chromosomal and morphological taxa in the S. tani complex on the Southeast Asian mainland and Taiwan, while elucidating their phylogenetic relationships. A molecular approach using multiple genes, coupled with morphological and chromosomal data, supported recognition of cytoform K and morphoform 'b' as valid species; indicated that S. xuandei, cytoform L, and morphoform 'a' contain possible cryptic species; and suggested that cytoform B is in the early stages of reproductive isolation whereas lineage sorting is incomplete in cytoforms A, C, and G.

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A multi‐locus approach resolves the phylogenetic relationships of the Simulium asakoae and Simulium ceylonicum species groups in Malaysia: evidence for distinct evolutionary lineages

Cited by 43 publications

References 41 publications

Distribution pattern of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) assemblages along an altitudinal gradient in Peninsular Malaysia

Distribution pattern of black fly (Diptera: Simuliidae) assemblages along an altitudinal gradient in Peninsular Malaysia

Twenty-one new species of the Simulium (Gomphostilbia) asakoae species group (Diptera, Simuliidae) in Thailand, with their genetic relationships

Delineating taxonomic boundaries in the largest species complex of black flies (Simuliidae) in the Oriental Region

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