A multi-layer urban canopy meteorological model with trees (BEP-Tree): Street tree impacts on pedestrian-level climate

Krayenhoff, E. Scott; Jiang, Timothy; Christen, Andreas; Martilli, Alberto; Oke, T. R.; Bailey, Brian N.; Nazarian, Negin; Voogt, James A.; Giometto, M. G.; Stastny, Austine; Crawford, Ben

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2020.100590

Cited by 116 publications

(102 citation statements)

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“…the urban canopy is represented by only one model layer), where street trees are represented as a single tree canopy characterised by canopy cover fraction, mean height and mean leaf area density. Lee (2011) further developed VUCM by including a grasscovered soil surface within the canyon. Lee et al (2016) incorporated VUCM into WRF and performed an application over Seoul, South Korea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COSMO-BEP-Tree v1.0: a coupled urban climate model with explicit representation of street trees

et al. 2020

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Abstract. Street trees are more and more regarded as an effective measure to reduce excessive heat in urban areas. However, the vast majority of mesoscale urban climate models do not represent street trees in an explicit manner and, for example, do not take the important effect of shading by trees into account. In addition, urban canopy models that take interactions of trees and urban fabrics directly into account are usually limited to the street or neighbourhood scale and hence cannot be used to analyse the citywide effect of urban greening. In order to represent the interactions between street trees, urban elements and the atmosphere in realistic regional weather and climate simulations, we coupled the Building Effect Parameterisation with Trees (BEP-Tree) vegetated urban canopy model and the Consortium for Small-scale Modeling (COSMO) mesoscale weather and climate model. The performance and applicability of the coupled model, named COSMO-BEP-Tree, are demonstrated over the urban area of Basel, Switzerland, during the heatwave event of June–July 2015. Overall, the model compared well with measurements of individual components of the surface energy balance and with air and surface temperatures obtained from a flux tower, surface stations and satellites. Deficiencies were identified for nighttime air temperature and humidity, which can mainly be traced back to limitations in the simulation of the nighttime stable boundary layer in COSMO. The representation of street trees in the coupled model generally improved the agreement with observations. Street trees produced large changes in simulated sensible and latent heat flux, and wind speed. Within the canopy layer, the presence of street trees resulted in a slight reduction in daytime air temperature and a very minor increase in nighttime air temperature. The model was found to realistically respond to changes in the parameters defining the street trees: leaf area density and stomatal conductance. Overall, COSMO-BEP-Tree demonstrated the potential of (a) enabling city-wide studies on the cooling potential of street trees and (b) further enhancing the modelling capabilities and performance in urban climate modelling studies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COSMO-BEP-Tree v1.0: a coupled urban climate model with explicit representation of street trees

et al. 2020

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“…The Building Effect Parameterisation with Trees (BEP-Tree) is a multi-layer urban canopy model with explicit representation of 5 trees and their interaction with the street canyon (Krayenhoff, 2014;Krayenhoff et al, 2019). Building on top of the geometry of the existing multi-layer urban canopy model BEP (Martilli et al, 2002), Krayenhoff et al (2014) included the effects of tree foliage on the radiative exchange within the street canyon.…”

Section: Building Effect Parameterisation With Trees (Bep-tree)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Motivated by the great potential of using an integrated model to study the urban climate impact of street trees in a citywide manner, the objective of this study is two-fold. First, we aim to document the development of an urban climate model with explicit representation of street trees, featuring a two-way coupling between the vegetated urban canopy model BEP-Tree 20 (Krayenhoff, 2014;Krayenhoff et al, 2019) and the mesoscale weather and climate model COSMO-CLM (COSMO hereinafter; Rockel et al (2008)). The coupled model, named COSMO-BEP-Tree, represents the multiple interactions between street trees, urban fabrics and the atmosphere in a comprehensive way considering the exchange of heat, moisture, and momentum and the transfer of short-and long-wave radiation.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The evaluation made use of measured fluxes of radiation and turbulent exchange in the inertial sublayer, as well as measurements of air temperature and humidity in the urban canopy layer. The evaluation has been recently extended using measurements of street surface temperature and street-level radiation fluxes from two sites in North America (Krayenhoff et al, 2019).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…urban canopy model BEP-Tree(Krayenhoff et al, 2019) and the mesoscale weather and climate model COSMO-CLM (COSMO). The coupled model, named COSMO-BEP-Tree, mechanistically represents the heat, momentum, turbulence and moisture interactions between street trees, urban elements and the atmosphere during realistic weather and climate simu-lations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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COSMO-BEP-Tree v1.0: a coupled urban climate model with explicit representation of street trees

Mussetti¹,

Brunner²,

Henne³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Street trees are more and more regarded as an effective measure to reduce excessive heat in urban areas. However, the vast majority of mesoscale urban climate models do not represent street trees in an explicit manner and for example do not take the important effect of shading by trees into account. In addition, urban canopy models that take interactions of trees and urban fabrics directly into account are usually limited to the street or neighbourhood scale and, hence, cannot be used to analyse the citywide effect of urban greening. In order to represent the interactions between street trees, urban elements and the atmosphere in realistic regional weather and climate simulations, we coupled the vegetated urban canopy model BEP-Tree and the mesoscale weather and climate model COSMO. The performance and applicability of the coupled model, named COSMO-BEP-Tree, are demonstrated over the urban area of Basel, Switzerland, during the heatwave event of June–July 2015. Overall, the model compared well with measurements of individual components of the surface energy balance and with air and surface temperatures obtained from a flux tower, surface stations and satellites. Deficiencies were identified for night-time air temperature and humidity, which can mainly be traced back to limitations in the simulation of the night-time stable boundary layer in COSMO. The representation of street trees in the coupled model generally improved the agreement with observations. Street trees produced large changes in simulated sensible and latent heat flux, and wind speed. Within the canopy layer, the presence of street trees resulted in a slight reduction in daytime air temperature and a very minor increase in night-time air temperature. The model was found to realistically respond to changes in the parameters defining the street trees: leaf area density and stomatal conductance. Overall, COSMO-BEP-Tree demonstrated the potential of (a) enabling city-wide studies on the cooling potential of street trees and (b) further enhancing the modelling capabilities and performance in urban climate modelling studies.

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Re‐Defining the Smart City Concept from the Urban Climate Perspectives

Fallmann,

Holst,

Mauder

et al. 2024

Smart Cities, Energy and Climate

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A multi-layer urban canopy meteorological model with trees (BEP-Tree): Street tree impacts on pedestrian-level climate

Cited by 116 publications

References 83 publications

COSMO-BEP-Tree v1.0: a coupled urban climate model with explicit representation of street trees

COSMO-BEP-Tree v1.0: a coupled urban climate model with explicit representation of street trees

COSMO-BEP-Tree v1.0: a coupled urban climate model with explicit representation of street trees

Re‐Defining the Smart City Concept from the Urban Climate Perspectives

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