A multi-biomarker approach to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride in alleviating the long-term transportation stress of Labeo rohita fingerlings

Biswal, Abhilipsa; Srivastava, Prem Prakash; Pal, Prasenjit; Gupta, Subodh; Varghese, Tincy; Jayant, Manish

doi:10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735979

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Generally, freshwater fish exhibit chloride loss during stress due to hyperventilation and unwanted chloride loss from the gills (Barton et al, 2003). It has been reported that transportation significantly decreases plasma chloride levels in different fish species such as Brycon cephalus (Urbinati et al, 2004), Labeo rohita (Biswal et al, 2021) and Stizostedion vitreum (Barton et al, 2003). On the other hand, Fagundes and Urbinati (2008) found no significant change in plasma chloride levels after transportation of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio , to transportation in plastic bags using thymol as a sedative agent

Mirzargar

Mirghaed

Hoseini

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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The present study aimed at assessing the effects of addition of thymol [0 (T0), 2.5 mg/L (T2.5), 5 mg/L (T5) and 10 mg/L (T10)] to water on biochemical and antioxidant responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio, during 3-h transportation. The lowest dissolved oxygen and ammonia levels after transportation were related to T2.5 and T5 treatments respectively. T5 treatment exhibited lower cortisol/glucose responses after transportation and 24 h after that, whereas T2.5 and T10 exhibited elevations in these parameters at the same times. Hyperammonaemia and hyperchloraemia were observed in T2.5 treatment immediately after transportation, but such changes were observed in all treatments, 24 h after transportation. Addition of 10 mg/L thymol to water prevented uraemia after transportation, but all thymoltreated fish exhibited uraemia, 24 h after transportation. Thymol treatment failed to mitigate lactate elevation immediately after transportation; nevertheless, T2.5 and T10 had, respectively, the lowest and highest lactate levels, 24 h after transportation.T5 treatment inhibited alteration in superoxide dismutase activity, immediately after transportation, and T10 exhibited a similar effect, 24 h after transportation. Addition of 2.5 mg/L thymol to water significantly increased catalase activity immediately after transportation, but such a response was observed in all treatments, 24 h after transportation. T2.5 and T10 exhibited higher malondialdehyde levels than T0 immediately after transportation, but such a response was observed in all thymol-treated fish, 24 h after transportation. In conclusion, addition of 5 mg/L thymol is beneficial in reducing water ammonia concentration and stress in carp during transportation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio , to transportation in plastic bags using thymol as a sedative agent

Mirzargar

Mirghaed

Hoseini

et al. 2021

Aquaculture Research

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“…In a recent study, dietary sodium protected yellow perch Perca flavescens from copper-induced olfactory impairment (Azizishirazi et al 2015). Furthermore, incorporation of sodium chloride, either as a dietary or water additive, was found to improve the resistance of several fish to nitrite toxicity (Welker et al 2011a;Ciji & Akhtar 2020), Oncorhynchus mykiss to acid (low pH) stress (D'Cruz & Wood 1998) and Labeo rohita to transportation stress (Biswal et al 2021). Although dietary phosphorus levels have been found to influence the immune function in fish (Eya & Lovell 1998;Chen et al 2017), tolerance of European whitefish to low dissolved oxygen was not affected by dietary phosphorus levels (Vielma et al 2002).…”

Section: Mineralsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2011a; Ciji & Akhtar 2020), Oncorhynchus mykiss to acid (low pH) stress (D’Cruz & Wood 1998) and Labeo rohita to transportation stress (Biswal et al . 2021). Although dietary phosphorus levels have been found to influence the immune function in fish (Eya & Lovell 1998; Chen et al .…”

Section: Stress Mitigation Through Dietary Additives/nutraceuticalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress management in aquaculture: a review of dietary interventions

Ciji

Akhtar

2021

Reviews in Aquaculture

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Over the last few decades, the demand-driven growth in aquaculture has been tremendous due to development and adoption of cutting-edge technologies and production systems such as intensification and high input aquaculture. This growth, however, has witnessed an insurgence of various environmental and husbandry-related stressors posing major challenges to the aquaculture sector limiting its further expansion worldwide. These stressful conditions impair the health of cultured animals and predispose them to diseases resulting in economic losses. Hence, optimizing the stress resilience of the cultured species is paramount to ensure sustainable development of aquaculture sector. Addressing the concerns of stress mitigation in aquaculture, a plethora of research investigations have been intensively carried out all over the world targeting the management of cultured environment as well as cultured species. Among various mitigation strategies, dietary interventions appear to be pliable and a sustainable approach to develop immunocompetence and stress resistance in fish as requirement of several nutrients may increase under stressful conditions. The suboptimal and/or excessive levels of several essential and non-essential nutrients modulate the immune response and stress/disease resistance. Hence, the present review is an inclusive and informative compilation of dietary interventions for management of stress in aquaculture. This review highlights the stress-mitigating roles of different nutritive and non-nutritive compounds/additives such as amino acids, essential fatty acids, phospholipids, vitamins, minerals, carotenoids, different synthetic chemicals and biological derivatives from bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, plants and animals as a promising stress management strategy to enhance the overall performance of the cultured species.

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“…Various fish farming operations involve transportation of fish from one facility to another for restocking practices, from a hatchery to ponds or from ponds to ponds, which frequently results in high mortality in fish farming. Transportation, confinement and handling are known to cause stress in fish and are related to a number of physiological responses such as the release of catecholamines and corticosteroids as well as increase in the plasma glucose and blood cortisol levels (Barton & Peter, 1982;Biswal et al, 2021;Brandão et al, 2008;Burgdorf-Moisuk et al, 2011;Burgdorf-Moisuk et al, 2011;Carneiro & Urbinatti, 2001;Gomes et al, 2003Gomes et al, , 2006bMirghaed & Ghelichpour, 2019;Ramírez-Duarte et al, 2011). Fish respond to stressors in a proportional way that reflects the severity and duration of the stress (Gomes et al, 2006b;Mirghaed & Ghelichpour, 2019).…”

Section: Con Centr Ati On S Of Na CL During and P Os T-handling Pro Cedure S In The Fre S Hwater Fis H Farmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological, handling, growth and antiparasitic effects of the sodium chloride (salt) in the freshwater fish aquaculture

Tavares‐Dias¹

2021

Aquaculture Research

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This paper provides the currently available knowledge in the literature regarding the use of sodium chloride (NaCl) in freshwater fish aquaculture and aquaria as related to toxicity, growth performance, transportation, physiology, immunity, histomorphology and antiparasitic treatment. This review assessed and discussed all of these factors, as well as the potential strategies available to be used in fish farming. Acute toxicity to NaCl varies widely among fish species (3.5-150.0 g L −1 ) depending on some environment factors, and many fish species are sensitive to concentrations near those required for their development, growth or for controlling and treating parasites. Acute exposure to NaCl may lead to mortality in different fish species, cause changes in feeding and swimming behaviour, as well as in growth performance and histomorphology of gills, while sublethal concentrations are less harmful. To reduce stress during transport of freshwater fish, concentrations of 1.0-10.0 g L −1 of NaCl in water have been tested for some fish species. Data have shown that survival, body growth of fish, food intake and stimulation of food conversion are affected by the NaCl concentration.Moreover, the effects of NaCl on the immune system, physiology and behaviour must also be considered. Sodium chloride may be a chemotherapeutic for controlling and treating ectoparasite diseases in farmed freshwater fish because of its effectiveness and low cost, but this compound may not be used in high or extreme toxic concentrations, since the maximum tolerance may be near the therapeutic doses. Therefore, this chemical product should be used with parsimony in fish farming. K E Y W O R D Saquaculture, blood, fish, growth, parasites, treatment | ACUTE TOXICITY OF NaCl IN FRESHWATER FISH SPECIESKnowledge on the tolerance limits of freshwater fish to NaCl is of ecological significance in assessing fish distribution and their impact on ecosystems, as well as for management practices in fish farms.The most common laboratory measure of NaCl tolerance is the concentration that is lethal to 50% of individuals (LC 50 ) over periods of 24-96 h. Such determinations are experimental and establish a causal link between the salinity and mortality. Some species of freshwater fish tolerate high concentrations of NaCl for longer periods when compared with other freshwater fish species (Table 1), and concentrations may be near the lethal concentration for the fish species. However, they lack consideration of other changes in the water quality that may occur with an increased salinity. Thus, it is necessary to know beforehand the mean lethal concentration (LC 50 ) for each species of fish as well as the environmental conditions for exposure to NaCl.How to cite this article: Tavares-Dias, M. (2022). Toxicity, physiological, histopathological, handling, growth and antiparasitic effects of the sodium chloride (salt) in the freshwater fish aquaculture.

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A multi-biomarker approach to evaluate the effect of sodium chloride in alleviating the long-term transportation stress of Labeo rohita fingerlings

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Biochemical responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio , to transportation in plastic bags using thymol as a sedative agent

Biochemical responses of common carp, Cyprinus carpio , to transportation in plastic bags using thymol as a sedative agent

Stress management in aquaculture: a review of dietary interventions

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological, handling, growth and antiparasitic effects of the sodium chloride (salt) in the freshwater fish aquaculture

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