A motor cortex circuit for motor planning and movement

Li, Nuo; Chen, Tsai Wen; Guo, Zengcai V.; Gerfen, Charles R.; Svoboda, Karel

doi:10.1038/nature14178

Cited by 494 publications

(661 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Similarly, our data and previous experiments 3,30 imply that the cortical networks maintaining motor plans are organized in a redundant and modular fashion. When ALM is silenced in one hemisphere, preparatory activity in the other hemisphere is weakly affected (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…ALM is involved in both planning and driving movements 30 . Consistent with this view, unilateral photoinhibition of ALM late in the delay epoch abolished the contralateral motor command, resulting in ipsilateral bias (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ALM is bilaterally connected through the corpus callosum and preparatory activity is found in both hemispheres 30 . We tested for coupling between hemispheres by silencing ALM activity either unilaterally or bilaterally (n=13 mice) ( Fig.…”

Section: Preparatory Activity After Bilateral Silencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For photoactivation we stimulated layer 5 intratelencephalic neurons in Tlx_PL56-cre mice 46 crossed to reporter mice expressing ChR2 (Ai32) 30 . The delay epoch was 1.3 s long.…”

Section: Photoactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5) 30 . After photostimulus offset, ALM activity and selectivity recovered with a time-course that was similar to recovery after photoinhibition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust neuronal dynamics in premotor cortex during motor planning

Li¹,

Daie²,

Svoboda³

et al. 2016

Nature

Self Cite

415

455

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Neural activity maintains representations that bridge past and future events, often over many seconds. Network models can produce persistent and ramping activity, but the positive feedback that is critical for these slow dynamics can cause sensitivity to perturbations. Here we use electrophysiology and optogenetic perturbations in mouse premotor cortex to probe robustness of persistent neural representations during motor planning. Preparatory activity is remarkably robust to large-scale unilateral silencing: detailed neural dynamics that drive specific future movements were quickly and selectively restored by the network. Selectivity did not recover after bilateral silencing of premotor cortex. Perturbations to one hemisphere are thus corrected by information from the other hemisphere. Corpus callosum bisections demonstrated that premotor cortex hemispheres can maintain preparatory activity independently. Redundancy across selectively coupled modules, as we observed in premotor cortex, is a hallmark of robust control systems. Network models incorporating these principles show robustness that is consistent with data.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Preparatory Activity After Bilateral Silencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For photoactivation we stimulated layer 5 intratelencephalic neurons in Tlx_PL56-cre mice 46 crossed to reporter mice expressing ChR2 (Ai32) 30 . The delay epoch was 1.3 s long.…”

Section: Photoactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5) 30 . After photostimulus offset, ALM activity and selectivity recovered with a time-course that was similar to recovery after photoinhibition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Robust neuronal dynamics in premotor cortex during motor planning

Li¹,

Daie²,

Svoboda³

et al. 2016

Nature

Self Cite

415

455

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Monolayer Graphene Coating of Intracortical Probes for Long‐Lasting Neural Activity Monitoring

Bourrier

Shkorbatova

Bonizzato

et al. 2019

Adv Healthcare Materials

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The invasiveness of intracortical interfaces currently used today is responsible for the formation of an intense immunoresponse and inflammatory reaction from neural cells and tissues. This leads to a high concentration of reactive glial cells around the implant site, creating a physical barrier between the neurons and the recording channels. Such a rejection of foreign analog interfaces causes neural signals to fade from recordings which become flooded by background noise after a few weeks. Despite their invasiveness, those devices are required to track single neuron activity and decode fine sensory or motor commands. In particular, such quantitative and long‐lasting recordings of individual neurons are crucial during a long time period (several months) to restore essential functions of the cortex, disrupted after injuries, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. To overcome this limitation, graphene and related materials have attracted numerous interests, as they gather in the same material many suitable properties for interfacing living matter, such as an exceptionally high neural affinity, diffusion barrier, and high physical robustness. In this work, the neural affinity of a graphene monolayer with numerous materials commonly used in neuroprostheses is compared, and its impact on the performance and durability of intracortical probes is investigated. For that purpose, an innovative coating method to wrap 3D intracortical probes with a continuous monolayer graphene is developed. Experimental evidence demonstrate the positive impact of graphene on the bioacceptance of conventional intracortical probes, in terms of detection efficiency and tissues responses, allowing real‐time samplings of motor neuron activity during 5 weeks. Since continuous graphene coatings can easily be implemented on a wide range of 3D surfaces, this study further motivates the use of graphene and related materials as it could significantly contribute to reduce the current rejection of neural probes currently used in many research areas, from fundamental neurosciences to medicine and neuroprostheses.

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Progress in Brain‐Compatible Interfaces with Soft Nanomaterials

et al. 2020

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Neural interfaces facilitating communication between the brain and machines must be compatible with the soft, curvilinear, and elastic tissues of the brain and yet yield enough power to read and write information across a wide range of brain areas through high‐throughput recordings or optogenetics. Biocompatible‐material engineering has facilitated the development of brain‐compatible neural interfaces to support built‐in modulation of neural circuits and neurological disorders. Recent developments in brain‐compatible neural interfaces that use soft nanomaterials more suitable for complex neural circuit analysis and modulation are reviewed. Preclinical tests of the compatibility and specificity of these interfaces in animal models are also discussed.

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A motor cortex circuit for motor planning and movement

Cited by 494 publications

References 54 publications

Robust neuronal dynamics in premotor cortex during motor planning

Robust neuronal dynamics in premotor cortex during motor planning

Monolayer Graphene Coating of Intracortical Probes for Long‐Lasting Neural Activity Monitoring

Progress in Brain‐Compatible Interfaces with Soft Nanomaterials

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