A morphological and molecular study in the<i>Deschampsia cespitosa</i>complex (Poaceae; Poeae; Airinae) in northern North America

Chiapella, Jorge Oscar; DeBoer, Veronica L.; Amico, Guillermo C.; Kuhl, Joseph C.

doi:10.3732/ajb.1000495

Cited by 19 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…glume length and width in the North American material was similar to that observed in our material ( Fig. 1 in Chiapella et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…A similar conclusion was made by Chiapella et al (2011) in their study of the D. cespitosa complex (including several described taxa) in North America, based on 55 morphological characters and sequences of ITS and one plastid marker. They concluded that their overall evidence points to existence of only a single variable species, D. cespitosa, and that "the characters used to define these taxa might have overemphasized the recognition of entities that are essentially part of a continuous gradient of variation in North American D. cespitosa".…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…However, D. cespitosa is believed to be able to disperse over large distances in the Arctic, both via seeds and pollen (Chiapella et al 2011). It is possible that the differences rather are associated with differences in population sizes and ecological requirements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deschampsia cespitosa is variable morphologically and globally widespread, showing remarkable ITS sequence differences between accessions from different geographic regions (Chiapella 2007; African material was not included in his study). The species belongs to a complex group with many taxa described at the species, subspecies and variety level, which are difficult to separate based on morphology and may have been prone to hybridization and polyploidization (Chiapella 2007;Chiapella et al 2011). Deschampsia angusta is reported to be restricted to the upper parts of Mt Ruwenzori (where the type locality is situated) and Mt Elgon, growing along streams and lakes and only known from a few collections from a narrow altitudinal belt (3600-4300 m; Hedberg 1957;Clayton 1970;Magombo et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The chromosome number of D. angusta is unknown. Deschampsia cespitosa has invariably been reported as diploid (2n = 26) in eastern Africa (counts from the Ethiopian Simen and Galama Mts, and from the East African Mt Ruwenzori and Mt Elgon; Hedberg and Hedberg 1977), whereas both diploids and tetraploids have been reported from other geographic areas (Chiapella et al 2011;Elven 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeographic history and taxonomy of some afro-alpine grasses assessed based on AFLPs and morphometry: Deschampsia cespitosa, D. angusta and Koeleria capensis

et al. 2013

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Phylogeographic studies in the high mountains of Africa are hampered by the limited material available, resulting in insufficient knowledge of taxonomic variation within and among closely related species. Here we address genetic and morphological variation in three grass species, of which one (Deschampsia angusta) has been reported as narrowly endemic and vulnerable whereas D. cespitosa and Koeleria capensis are widely distributed also outside the afro-alpine region. We used Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) to assess genetic structuring and diversity in material collected during recent field expeditions and included additional herbarium material in morphometric analyses. The plants identified as the endemic D. angusta were genetically very similar to those identified as D. cespitosa from the same mountain (Mt Ruwenzori), forming a single coherent genetic group in STRUCTURE analysis. The plants identified as D. angusta seem to represent extremes of continuous gradients of morphological variation within a single, variable species, D. cespitosa. We found that the afro-alpine material of Deschampsia consists of three genetically very distinct groups corresponding to the three mountains investigated, suggesting persistence in isolated afroalpine refugia during one or more glacial cycles. In contrast, we found no clear genetic structure in K. capensis. This species harboured very little genetic diversity in all six mountain areas examined, and little genetic rarity except in the Ethiopian Simen Mts. This pattern may be explained by recent colonization of the afro-alpine region from a single source population or possibly by extensive recent gene flow combined with bottlenecks. We found however some differentiation between different K. capensis populations from Mt Kilimanjaro, corresponding to two described varieties. This study demonstrates the need for further taxonomic exploration of the enigmatic flora of the isolated afro-alpine 'sky islands' and highlights that different species may have conspicuously different phylogeographic histories.

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“…glume length and width in the North American material was similar to that observed in our material ( Fig. 1 in Chiapella et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogeographic history and taxonomy of some afro-alpine grasses assessed based on AFLPs and morphometry: Deschampsia cespitosa, D. angusta and Koeleria capensis

et al. 2013

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Genetic differentiation of the endemic grass species Deschampsia littoralis at pre-Alpine lakes

Peintinger¹,

Arrigo

Brodbeck

et al. 2012

Alp Botany

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Deschampsia littoralis is an endemic tetraploid Poaceae occurring on the shores of pre-Alpine lakes. It is closely related to the diploid and widespread D. cespitosa. Several D. littoralis populations from Lake Constance are vegetatively propagating through pseudoviviparous spikelets. These latter populations were formerly described as a separate species, D. rhenana. Still, the species status of D. rhenana has been questioned since, apart from pseudovivipary, no morphological differentiation from D. littoralis is observed. Both species are highly endangered and accurate assessment of taxon status is needed for conservation management. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting to assess whether D. rhenana from Lake Constance (43 specimens) was genetically differentiated from D. littoralis (11 specimens collected at Lac de Joux, incl. Lac Brenet) and the widespread D. cespitosa (48 specimens). An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 12 % of the genetic diversity occurred among the three species, 7 % occurred among populations within species and 81 % within populations. Principal coordinate analysis and fuzzy c-means clustering showed that D. rhenana was genetically distinct from D. littoralis. In addition, both species differed in levels of genetic diversity and clustering, with D. rhenana being the most divergent and structured species. D. littoralis appeared as genetically intermediate between D. rhenana and D. cespitosa. These results suggested that (1) all species are closely related, (2) genetic variation within populations is high even in the asexually propagating D. rhenana and (3) D. rhenana is more distinct from D. cespitosa than is D. littoralis. We therefore suggest to treat D. rhenana from Lake Constance and D. littoralis from Lac de Joux as independent evolutionary units in conservation management.

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Taxonomic implications of the morphological and genetic variation of cultivated and domesticated populations of the Agave angustifolia complex (Agavoideae, Asparagaceae) in Oaxaca, Mexico

et al. 2018

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A morphological and molecular study in theDeschampsia cespitosacomplex (Poaceae; Poeae; Airinae) in northern North America

Cited by 19 publications

References 75 publications

Phylogeographic history and taxonomy of some afro-alpine grasses assessed based on AFLPs and morphometry: Deschampsia cespitosa, D. angusta and Koeleria capensis

Phylogeographic history and taxonomy of some afro-alpine grasses assessed based on AFLPs and morphometry: Deschampsia cespitosa, D. angusta and Koeleria capensis

Genetic differentiation of the endemic grass species Deschampsia littoralis at pre-Alpine lakes

Taxonomic implications of the morphological and genetic variation of cultivated and domesticated populations of the Agave angustifolia complex (Agavoideae, Asparagaceae) in Oaxaca, Mexico

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