A more accurate analysis of alkylated PAH and PASH and its implications in environmental forensics

Antle, Patrick M.; Zeigler, Christian D.; Wilton, Nicholas M.; Robbat, Albert

doi:10.1080/03067319.2013.840886

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It seems advisable for future research to investigate if a somewhat more elaborate workup of the sample can reduce the matrix influence and thus improve the analysis, for instance through separation of the sulfur compounds (25) that frequently interfere with the PAH analysis (24). Following such a separation, both the PAHs and the PASHs can be analyzed without mutual interference.…”

Section: Nso-heterocycles and The Analytical Challenge For Alkylated mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed GC-MS studies on alkyl-PACs, including the sulfur aromatic compounds, show that a serious underestimation of the analyte concentration can result if the parent compounds are used as internal standards in GC-MS analysis (21). Very careful attention to retention windows and the use of several ions in the correct ratio are some of the necessary analytical virtues needed to obtain more reliable information (22)(23)(24). There are also known cases of dissimilar compounds of close but unresolved molecular weights in GC-MS using low-resolution mass selective detectors, e.g., between C 4 -naphthalenes and dibenzothiophene that also have similar GC retention times using common stationary phases (25).…”

Section: Nso-heterocycles and The Analytical Challenge For Alkylated mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Time to Say Goodbye to the 16 EPA PAHs? Toward an Up-to-Date Use of PACs for Environmental Purposes

Andersson

Achten²

2015

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

478

288

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The 16 EPA PAHs have played an exceptionally large role above all in environmental and analytical sciences in the last 40 years, but now there are good reasons to question their utility in many circumstances even though their use is so established and comfortable. Here we review the reasons why the list has been so successful and why sometimes it is seen as less relevant. Three groups of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) are missing: larger and highly relevant PAHs, alkylated PACs, and compounds containing heteroatoms. Attempts to improve the situation for certain matrixes are known and here: (1) an updated list of PAHs (including the 16 EPA PAHs) for the evaluation of the toxicity in the environment (40 EnvPAHs); (2) a list of 23 NSO-heterocyclic compounds and 6 heterocyclic metabolites; and (3) lists of 10 oxy-PAHs and 10 nitro-PAHs are proposed for practical use in the future. A discussion in the scientific community about these lists is invited. Although the state of knowledge has improved dramatically since the introduction of the 16 EPA PAHs in the 1970s, this summary also shows that more research is needed about the toxicity, occurrence in the environment and chemical analysis, particularly of alkylated PAHs, higher molecular weight PAHs and substituted PACs such as amino-PAHs, cyano-PAHs, etc.. We also suggest that a long overdue discussion of an update of regulatory environmental PAH analysis is initiated.

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Section: Nso-heterocycles and The Analytical Challenge For Alkylated mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nso-heterocycles and The Analytical Challenge For Alkylated mentioning

confidence: 99%

Time to Say Goodbye to the 16 EPA PAHs? Toward an Up-to-Date Use of PACs for Environmental Purposes

Andersson

Achten²

2015

Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds

478

288

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…2) PAH and PASH elute within the same retention window and also have common molecular and/or confirming ions [13,41,42]. For example, m/z 234 is the molecular ion of C 4 While PAH and PASH can be fractionated [41,42], the vast majority of peer-reviewed research, standardized methods, and Standard Reference Material (SRM) certification programs quantify these homologues without the benefit of separating one from the other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Much attention is given to PAH and PASH because they are toxic [5,6] and known carcinogens [7,8], mutagens [9e11], and teratogens [12]. Scientists, engineers, and regulators worldwide rely on selective and accurate quantitation of PAH/PASH to support hazardous waste site investigations and environmental forensics [13,14], weathering [15,16] and toxicity studies [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Errors in alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and sulfur heterocycle concentrations caused by currently employed standardized methods

Wilton

Wise

Robbat

2017

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…However, GC still provides significantly greater separation capabilities over RPLC for determining PASHs in complex samples. A 5% phenyl-substituted methylpolysiloxane (phenyl-MPS) phase (nonpolar phase) has been typically used for the separation of PAHs [26–29] and PASHs [10, 18, 19, 30–32]. In past decades, several GC studies with particular emphasis on the separation of isomeric PAHs [27, 33, 34] and PASHs [18, 22] have focused primarily on three stationary phases: 5% phenyl-MPS phase, 50% phenyl-MPS phase, and a liquid crystalline phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retention behavior of isomeric polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in gas chromatography on stationary phases of different selectivity

Wilson

Sander

Oña-Ruales

et al. 2017

Journal of Chromatography A

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Retention indices for 48 polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) were determined using gas chromatography with three different stationary phases: a 50% phenyl phase, a 50% liquid crystalline dimethylpolysiloxane (LC-DMPS) phase, and an ionic liquid (IL) phase. Correlations between the retention behavior on the three stationary phases and PASH geometry (L/B and T, i.e., length-to-breadth ratio and thickness, respectively) were investigated for the following four isomer sets: (1) 4 three-ring molecular mass (MM) 184 Da PASHs, (2) 13 four-ring MM 234 Da PASHs, (3) 10 five-ring MM 258 Da PASHs, and (4) 20 five-ring MM 284 Da PASHs. Correlation coefficients for retention on the 50% LC-DMPS vs L/B ranged from r = 0.50 (MM 284 Da) to r = 0.77 (MM 234 Da). Correlation coefficients for retention on the IL phase vs L/B ranged from r = 0.31 (MM 234 Da) to r = 0.54 (MM 284 Da). Correlation coefficients for retention on the 50% phenyl vs L/B ranged from r = 0.14 (MM 258 Da) to r = 0.59 (MM 284 Da). Several correlation trends are discussed in detail for the retention behavior of PASH on the three stationary phases.

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A more accurate analysis of alkylated PAH and PASH and its implications in environmental forensics

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

Time to Say Goodbye to the 16 EPA PAHs? Toward an Up-to-Date Use of PACs for Environmental Purposes

Time to Say Goodbye to the 16 EPA PAHs? Toward an Up-to-Date Use of PACs for Environmental Purposes

Errors in alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and sulfur heterocycle concentrations caused by currently employed standardized methods

Retention behavior of isomeric polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in gas chromatography on stationary phases of different selectivity

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