A molecularly engineered hole-transporting material for efficient perovskite solar cells

Saliba, Michael; Orlandi, Simonetta; Matsui, Taisuke; Aghazada, Sadig; Cavazzini, Marco; Correa‐Baena, Juan‐Pablo; Gao, Peng; Scopelliti, Rosario; Mosconi, Edoardo; Dahmen, K. H.; Angelis, Filippo De; Abate, Antonio; Hagfeldt, Anders; Pozzi, Gianluca; Gräetzel, Michael; Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja

doi:10.1038/nenergy.2015.17

Cited by 850 publications

(696 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Especially, the synthesis of the Spiro core in 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) requires several steps with a poor overall yield (15 to 30% depending on the synthesis route) [203] and is therefore often replaced by synthetically more accessible cores. Simple moieties such as phenyl, [206] biphenyl, [207] carbazole, [207,208] triphenylamine, [209] or triptycene [210] can be used to reduce the cost, and spiro-based alternatives such as spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene], [211,212] spiro[cyclopenta [2,1- [213] Li et al introduced heteroatoms in the core by using the simple 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) moiety. Additionally, they were able to perform their reaction in one pot to further reduce the cost.…”

Section: Long-term Viability: Stability and Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Petrus

Schlipf

Cheng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

304

201

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following statement: These materials can be processed from solution and yet exhibit optoelectronic materials properties described in classic solid-state physics textbooks. This unprecedented combination has led to photovoltaic devices that can be processed at room temperature and achieve performance levels similar to industry giant polycrystalline silicon, from a starting point of 3.8% in 2009. [1][2][3][4] The first light-emitting electrochemical cells [5] and diodes [6][7][8] have also been introduced recently, leading to tunable light emission spectra and internal quantum efficiencies exceeding 15%.The road towards these achievements has been marked by a constant improvement of perovskite deposition techniques fueled by our increasing understanding of the crystallization processes. The choice of deposition technique, either from solution or vapor, and the composition and order in which precursor species are applied has a great influence on the crystallization kinetics. Here, one can distinguish one-step methods where the perovskite is formed from a precursor mixture dissolved in a common solution, and two-step methods where the inorganic compound is deposited first and transformed to the perovskite phase later by addition of the organic constituents. [9][10][11] Furthermore, many parameters during processing can have an effect on the crystallization mechanism and consequently on film morphology, such as the choice of solvents, concentrations and processing additives that are often not incorporated into the final product. [11][12][13] We discuss this aspect in Section 2, where we focus our attention on the most commonly employed solution-based techniques. Additionally, as for any new technology trying to displace an incumbent technology, higher efficiencies, lower costs, reproducibility, stability, and sustainability are paramount. In particular, reproducibility has been a major challenge in perovskite solar cells from the beginning: small variations in morphology, like crystal size, film roughness, and pinholes can have detrimental effects on photovoltaic performance. [14] On the other hand, current-voltage measurements often showed a hysteresis that is rarely seen in other photovoltaic technologies. [15] These topics are highlighted in Sections 3 and 4. Finally, in Section 5 we discuss the framework for market introduction, such as cost reduction by choosing low-cost charge transport layers, or how the lifetime of perovskite absorbers can be extended by the choice of materials composition.Hybrid metal halide perovskites have become one of the hottest topics in optoelectronic materials research in recent years. Not only have they surpassed everyone's expectations and achieved similar performance as tried and true polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic devices, but they are also finding applications in a variety of different fields, including lighting. The main advantages of hybrid metal halide perovskites are simple processability, compatible with large-scale solution processing such as roll-to-roll printing, a...

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Section: Long-term Viability: Stability and Sustainabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Petrus

Schlipf

Cheng

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

304

201

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“…Since a conversion efficiency reached 15% [8], higher efficiencies have been achieved for various device structures and processes [9][10][11][12], and the photoconversion efficiency increased up to ca. 20% [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cl Addition to Sb-Doped Perovskite-Type CH3NH3PbI3 Photovoltaic Devices

Oku

Ohishi

Suzuki

et al. 2016

Metals

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Abstract:The effects of SbI 3 , PbCl 2 , and NH 4 Cl addition to perovskite CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 precursor solutions on photovoltaic properties were investigated. TiO 2 /CH 3 NH 3 Pb(Sb)I 3 (Cl)-based photovoltaic devices were fabricated by a spin-coating technique, and the microstructures of the devices were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Current density-voltage characteristics and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiencies were improved by a small amount of Sb-and Cl-doping, which resulted in improvement of the efficiencies of the devices. The structure analysis indicated formation of a homogeneous microstructure by NH 4 Cl addition with SbI 3 .

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“…Organic-inorganic perovskite compounds (OIPCs) have potential applications in optoelectronics ranging from high-efficiency thin film solar cells [1][2][3] to photodetectors [4] and scintillators [5], and from optical refrigeration [6] to low-threshold nanolasers [7]. Yet, fundamental questions remain open concerning the electronic structure underlying their favorable phototransport properties.…”

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confidence: 99%

Giant Rashba Splitting inCH3NH3PbBr3Organic-Inorganic Perovskite

et al. 2016

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As they combine decent mobilities with extremely long carrier lifetimes, organic-inorganic perovskites have opened a whole new field in optoelectronics. Measurements of their underlying electronic structure, however, are still lacking. Using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, we measure the valence band dispersion of single-crystal CH3NH3PbBr3. The dispersion of the highest energy band is extracted applying a modified leading edge method, which accounts for the particular density of states of organic-inorganic perovskites. The surface Brillouin zone is consistent with bulk-terminated surfaces both in the low-temperature orthorhombic and the high-temperature cubic phase. In the low-temperature phase, we find a ring-shaped valence band maximum with a radius of 0.043Å −1 , centered around a 0.16 eV deep local minimum in the dispersion of the valence band at the high-symmetry point. Intense circular dichroism is observed. This dispersion is the result of strong spin-orbit coupling. Spin-orbit coupling is also present in the room-temperature phase. The coupling strength is one of the largest reported so far.

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A molecularly engineered hole-transporting material for efficient perovskite solar cells

Cited by 850 publications

References 56 publications

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Capturing the Sun: A Review of the Challenges and Perspectives of Perovskite Solar Cells

Effects of Cl Addition to Sb-Doped Perovskite-Type CH3NH3PbI3 Photovoltaic Devices

Giant Rashba Splitting inCH3NH3PbBr3Organic-Inorganic Perovskite

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