A molecularly engineered bioderived polyphosphonate containing Schiff base towards fire-retardant PLA with enhanced crystallinity and mechanical properties

Biocomposites of Poly(Lactic Acid) and Microcrystalline Cellulose: Influence of the Coupling Agent on Thermomechanical and Absorption Characteristics

“…The improvement in mechanical properties resulting from the incorporation of MCC can be attributed to several factors, including its increased surface area, heightened activity, and the formation of hydrogen bonds between PLA and MCC. These factors collectively contribute to the uniform dispersion of MCC throughout the PLA matrix and provide a strong link between MCC and the boundary surface of PLA. , Phosphoramides and polyphosphonate containing Schiff base (PVP) reagents enhanced the mechanical strength, toughness, and flame-retardant properties of PLA through the cross-linking reaction as reported recently by Xue et al in 2021 and Xue et al in 2023. , …”

Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel DOPO-Based Flame Retardant Intermediate and Its Flame Retardancy as a Polystyrene Intrinsic Flame Retardant

“…However, the selection of suitable comonomers often becomes the main factor limiting the development of this method. 3,19,42,43 In the aspect of molecular structure design, 35 especially reversible inactivation radical polymerization technology, it is possible to obtain polymer flame retardants with complex structure, determined molecular weight, and low dispersion. 37,41,44,45 In view of the wide application of DOPO in flame retardant field 22,46−61 and the urgent demand for functional monomers with flame retardant function in the flame retardant field, our research group synthesized a functional monomer FAA-DOPO from DOPO, and characterized its structure in detail.…”

“…However, polystyrene is easy to burn when heated, which will release toxic gases and a large amount of smoke, and can melt, drip, and flow in the combustion process, thus making the fire spread. Therefore, it is imperative to improve the flame retardant performance of polystyrene. − According to the flame retardant system, it mainly includes mineral flame retardant, halogen flame retardant, phosphorus flame retardant, silicone flame retardant, biobased flame retardant, and so on. − Among them, halogen flame retardants are all the rage, but they are prohibited because of their toxicity and bioaccumulation. ,,− Phosphorus flame retardants have attracted much attention because of their excellent flame retardant efficiency and environmental friendliness, and have gradually become one of the research hotspots in today’s society. ,,,− Phosphorus flame retardants mainly include ammonium polyphosphate, aluminum hypophosphite, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) and its derivatives. ,,,, Phosphorus flame retardants will produce phosphoric acid or similar substances during thermal degradation, which can inhibit the combustion process of the condensed phase. In addition, PO · radicals produced by phosphorus flame retardants have a gas phase flame retardant effect. ,, …”

“…In the aspect of molecular structure design, especially reversible inactivation radical polymerization technology, it is possible to obtain polymer flame retardants with complex structure, determined molecular weight, and low dispersion. ,,, In view of the wide application of DOPO in flame retardant field ,− and the urgent demand for functional monomers with flame retardant function in the flame retardant field, our research group synthesized a functional monomer FAA-DOPO from DOPO, and characterized its structure in detail. In addition, in order to prove that FAA-DOPO can be used for copolymerization with polystyrene, our research group designed the flame retardant molecule by the ATRP method, synthesized PS- b -PFAA-DOPO with intrinsic flame retardants, and studied its flame retardant performance.…”

Facile Synthesis of Phosphorus-Free Biobased Epoxy Resin with Exceptional Flame Retardancy, Mechanical Properties, and Heat Resistance

“…Until now, several biobased epoxy resins with aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic rings were developed to replace BPA-based epoxy resins, , such as itaconic acid, isosorbide, , 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, , plant oil, cardanol, guaiacol, vanillin, and diphenolic acid. , However, they still suffer from high flammability, limiting their practical applications. Generally, adding a flame-retardant filler is an efficient approach to achieve flame retardancy for flammable polymer materials. − Recently, phosphorus-containing flame-retardant fillers were widely used in epoxy resins to achieve flame retardancy due to their environmental friendliness and superior flame-retardant performance. − For example, Fang et al prepared a novel flame retardant (EHPP@PA) by neutralizing phytic acid and a phenylphosphonate-based compound. Adding 10 wt % EHPP@PA into bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA)/DDM brings about a 64% reduction in PHRR and a 16% reduction in THR.…”