Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel DOPO-Based Flame Retardant Intermediate and Its Flame Retardancy as a Polystyrene Intrinsic Flame Retardant

Abstract

The research on intrinsic flame retardant has become a hot topic in the field of flame retardant. The synthesis of reactive flame-retardant monomer is one of the effective methods to obtain an intrinsic flame retardant. In addition, in view of the small molecular flame retardant easily migrates from the polymer during the use process, which leads to the gradual reduction of the flame retardant effect and even the gradual loss of flame retardant performance, and the advantages of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) technology in polymer structure design and function customization, we first synthesized reactive flame retardant monomer 6-(hydroxymethyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide (FAA-DOPO), then synthesized polystyrene bromine (PS 148 -Br) macromolecular initiator by ATRP technology, and finally obtained block copolymer polystyrene- b -poly{6-(hydroxymethyl)dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide} (PS- b -PFAA-DOPO) by the polymerization of FAA-DOPO initiated by macromolecular initiator PS 148 -Br by ATRP technology. The chemical structure of FAA-DOPO was characterized by 1D and 2D NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, DEPT 135, HSQC, COSY, NOE, and HMBC) spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The chemical structure and molecular weight of PS- b -PFAA-DOPO were characterized by FTIR and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal and flame-retardant properties of PS- b -PFAA-DOPO were characterized by thermogravimetry analysis (TG), UL-94, limiting oxygen index (LOI), and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC). It was found that FAA-DOPO could be used as a monomer for polymerization, although FAA-DOPO had a large steric hindrance from the chemical structure of FAA-DOPO, the UL-94 grade of PS- b -PFAA-DOPO reached the V-0 grade, and the LOI increased by 59.12% compared with PS 148 -Br.

Performance analysis and structure characterization of polylactic acid modified with three flame retardants

“…The most used organosilicon FRs are polysiloxanes and their derivatives. 25–32 One method of flame retardancy for silicone-based flame retardants is to polymerize polysiloxane segments carrying functional groups such as hydroxyl, amino, or epoxy groups onto polymer molecular chains. The resulting silicone-based flame retardant not only have good flame retardancy, oxidation stability, thermal stability, and other characteristics, but also have good hydrophobicity and flexibility.…”