A Molecular View of Coping Behavior in Older Adults

Martin, Peter; Rott, Christoph; Poon, Leonard W.; Courtenay, Brad; Lehr, Ursula

doi:10.1177/089826430101300104

Cited by 50 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Whether a person employs "more" or "less" of a broad category of coping may not be a meaningful way of conceptualizing the complicated relationships among stressors and responses. For this reason, contemporary approaches to measuring coping efforts in older people have focused on a more "molecular" perspective, in which very specific coping strategies are measured in relation to very specific stressors (e.g., Martin et al, 2001). …”

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Coping With Chronic Pain Among Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living With Neurological Injury and Disease

et al. 2008

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Objective-This article compares use of pain coping strategies among older, middle-aged, and younger adults living with chronic pain and seeks to determine whether the relationship between pain severity and coping is moderated by age.Method-Participants were 464 adults reporting chronic pain secondary to multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, or neuromuscular disease. Participants completed a survey including measures of pain severity and the Chronic Pain Coping Inventory.Results-After controlling for clinical and demographic variables, older adults (older than 60) reported a wider range of frequently used strategies and significantly more frequent engagement in activity pacing, seeking social support, and use of coping self-statements than did younger or middleaged adults. Moderation analyses suggest that, for younger adults, efforts at coping generally increased with greater pain severity, whereas this relationship did not exist for older adults.Discussion-These data suggest differences in the quantity and quality of pain coping among age groups. Keywords chronic pain; older adults; SCI; MS; neuromuscular diseaseAging is associated with a number of uncontrollable stressors, including retirement, financial strain, bereavement, changes in social support, and health decline (Aldwin, 1990;Krause, Jay, & Liang, 1991;Murrell, Norris, & Hutchins, 1984). Despite this, most research has demonstrated a decline in perceived stress and increase in well-being with increasing age (e.g., NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript Aldwin, 1991;Paykel, 1983;Silverman, Eichler, & Williams, 1987). Consistent with this observation, research during the past several decades has examined the ways that older adults cope with stressors and has noted differences in both the process and the content of coping as compared to younger adults. In general, these differences have favored older adults, suggesting more effective coping in later life. For example, from the psychodynamic or developmental perspective, Vaillant (1977) reported that middle-aged men used fewer neurotic and immature defense mechanisms as compared to their younger selves. More recently, Diehl, Coyle, and Labouvie-Vief (1996) reported that a group of older adults reported a combination of coping strategies indicative of "greater impulse control" and positive appraisal of conflict situations as compared to younger adults and adolescents. Studies of standardized measures of coping have also supported these findings, suggesting that older adults generally use less escapism and avoidant coping (Aldwin & Revenson, 1985, cited in Aldwin, 1991 Irion & BlanchardFields, 1987). However, findings of more effective or positive coping in older adults have not been consistent across stressors or populations. Folkman, Lazarus, Pimley, and Novacek (1987) found that older people used relatively more escape avoidance, although this effect could not be replicated by Aldwin (1991). Furthermore, very small (Aldwin, Sutton, Chiara, & Spiro, 1996) or n...

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Coping With Chronic Pain Among Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living With Neurological Injury and Disease

et al. 2008

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“…A través de su experiencia han aprendido qué tipo de estrategias son inefectivas y cuáles pueden ayudarles a lograr su meta en las situaciones problemáticas. Estos resultados son bastante consistentes con los obtenidos por Aldwin et al (1996) al comparar el afrontamiento de personas maduras, mayores y muy mayores y con los encontrados por Martin et al (2001) tras comparar sexagenarios, octogenarios y centenarios.…”

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“…En relación con los estudios más relevantes en este sentido, Aldwin, Sutton, Chiara y Spiro (1996) investigaron las diferencias de edad en el afrontamiento de problemas considerando un grupo de personas mayores de 75 años, pero no evaluaron los diferentes tipos de problemas por separado. Martin et al (2001) únicamente consideraron las conductas de afrontamiento específicas ("moleculares") frente a problemas de salud de los grupos de mayores octogenarios y centenarios que investigan. Y el interesante trabajo realizado por Moos et al (2006) evaluando las variaciones intraindividuales en el afrontamiento de sucesos de salud, interpersonales y económicos/laborales se detiene en personas de 65 años de edad.…”

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Afrontamiento de problemas de salud en personas muy mayores

Navarro

Martínez

2015

AN PSICOL-SPAIN

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Resumen: En este estudio se evalúan las estrategias de afrontamiento ante problemas de salud en la vejez avanzada y su contribución sobre varios resultados de funcionamiento. 159 personas mayores de 75 años no institucionalizadas identificaron su problema de salud reciente más importante, las estrategias empleadas para hacerle frente, su percepción de autoeficacia en el manejo del problema y su grado de satisfacción vital. Los resultados confirman la utilización de variadas estrategias, siendo la activacomportamental resolver el problema la más empleada. Además, junto a las estrategias de afrontamiento activas, tanto cognitivas como comportamentales, los análisis correlacionales indican que las personas muy mayores recurren a modos de afrontamiento pasivos y evitativos. Por otra parte, los análisis de regresión múltiple ponen de manifiesto que utilizar acciones directas y racionales para solucionar los problemas de salud predice la autoeficacia en el manejo del problema y protege la satisfacción vital en esta etapa. Estos resultados confirman que las personas muy mayores conservan la capacidad para manejar eficazmente sus problemas de salud y, al mismo tiempo, mantener su bienestar, aportando evidencia sobre el papel adaptativo del afrontamiento en la vejez avanzada. Palabras clave: problemas de salud; afrontamiento; personas muy mayores; resiliencia; estudio ex post facto. Title:Coping with health problems in very old people. Abstract: This paper assesses the strategies for coping with health problems in advanced old age and their contribution in terms of several performance results. 159 people aged 75 or over and living at home identified their most recent health problem, the strategies used to deal with it, their perception of self-efficacy in handling the problem and their degree of satisfaction with life. The results confirm the use of a range of strategies, with the active-behavioural approach to solving the problem being the one most widely used. In addition, together with active coping strategies of both a cognitive and behavioural nature, correlational analyses indicate that very old people resort to passive and avoidance coping methods. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses highlight the fact that the use of direct and rational actions for solving health problems predicts self-efficacy in dealing with the problem and protects satisfaction with life at this stage. These results confirm that very old people retain the ability to deal effectively with their health problems and, at the same time, uphold their well-being, providing evidence of the adaptive role of coping in very old age.

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“…Estos resultados son similares a los encontrados por Martin et al (2000) quienes señalan que los mayores con menos estudios hacen mayor uso de las estrategias centradas en la emoción que los que tienen estudios superiores que se enfrentan de un modo más directo a la situación estresante. Desde una perspectiva cognitiva del envejecimiento, una posible explicación a la utilización de recursos centrados en el problema sería el poseer una mayor capacidad de reserva cognitiva.…”

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Estrategias de afrontamiento en adultos mayores en función de variables sociodemográficas

Rodríguez

Sales

Pons

et al. 2015

PSYWRIT

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Para conseguir la adaptación a los cambios que se producen en el envejecimiento se ponen en marcha una serie de estrategias de afrontamiento. En este estudio, 275 adultos mayores, que acuden a un centro de mayores a realizar actividades, respondieron a una serie de datos sociodemográficos y al Cuestionario de Afrontamiento del Estrés (CAE) mediante una entrevista semiestructurada. El objetivo es analizar el uso de las estrategias de afrontamiento en función de diversas variables sociodemográficas, mediante el uso de correlaciones, pruebas t y ANOVAs. Los resultados mostraron una relación positiva y significativa entre la edad y la religión, y se observaron diferencias en función del género, del estado civil, del nivel de estudios y en función del nivel de ingresos. Como conclusión puede decirse que a medida que aumenta la edad la estrategia religión es más utilizada; las mujeres hacen mayor uso de la evitación, la búsqueda de apoyo social y la religión; los solteros utilizan más la búsqueda de apoyo social y la reevaluación positiva, mientras que los viudos hacen mayor uso de la religión; las personas con estudios inferiores utilizan más la autofocalización negativa y la evitación y las personas con mayores ingresos utilizan más la estrategia focalizado en solución de problemas, y aquellos con ingresos inferiores hacen mayor uso de la estrategia religión.Palabras Clave: Adultos Mayores; Adaptación; Estrategias de Afrontamiento; Variables Sociodemográficas.Coping strategies are used to adapt to the changes that occur during aging. This study investigated 275 older adults who attended a senior citizen's centre. They provided sociodemographic data and answered the Stress Coping Questionnaire (SCQ) in a semistructured interview. The aim was to analyse the use of coping strategies based in several sociodemographic variables, using correlations, t tests, and ANOVAs. The results showed a positive and significant association between age and religion, and differences were found in gender, marital status, educational attainment, and income level. In conclusion, as age increases, religion is most commonly used coping strategy; women make greater use of avoidance, seek social support, and use religion; singles mainly seek social support and positive reappraisal; widowers make greater use of religion; people with a lower level of education use more negative self-targeting and avoidance; people with higher incomes mainly use strategies centred on solving problems; and those with low incomes make greater use of religion.

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A Molecular View of Coping Behavior in Older Adults

Abstract: The findings suggest that a molecular view of specific coping behaviors in reaction to health problems, in addition to global measures of coping, is essential.

Cited by 50 publications

References 32 publications

Coping With Chronic Pain Among Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living With Neurological Injury and Disease

Coping With Chronic Pain Among Younger, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults Living With Neurological Injury and Disease

Afrontamiento de problemas de salud en personas muy mayores

Estrategias de afrontamiento en adultos mayores en función de variables sociodemográficas

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