A molecular epidemiological perspective of rhinovirus types circulating in Amsterdam from 2007 to 2012

Linden, Lonneke van der; Bruning, Andrea H L; Thomas, X.V.; Minnaar, R. P.; Rebers, Sjoerd; Schinkel, Janke; Jong, Menno D. de; Wolthers, Katja C.

doi:10.1016/j.cmi.2016.08.007

Cited by 29 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Of the 1,003 samples, 280 (27.9%) were positive for HRV (HRV-A, 50.0%; HRV-B, 7.5%; HRV-C, 20%; and HRV-untyped, 22.5%). This HRV detection rate is consistent with prior studies (11.0–40.6%) worldwide, as are the proportions of the three HRV species (HRV-A, 44.4–56%; HRV-B, 2–12%; and HRV-C, 25–45.3%) ( Xiang et al, 2010 ; Henquell et al, 2012 ; Rahamat-Langendoen et al, 2013 ; Marcone et al, 2014 ; Tsatsral et al, 2015 ; Xiao et al, 2015 ; Milanoi et al, 2016 ; van der Linden et al, 2016 ; Blaschke et al, 2018 ). This prevalence of HRV-untyped is higher than in a recent study in Chongqing (13%) ( Xiao et al, 2015 ), perhaps because our study involved patients with SARI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…HRV-C is more frequently associated with wheezing episodes, asthma exacerbations, and lower respiratory tract infections compared with HRV-A and -B ( Linsuwanon et al, 2009 ; Gern, 2010 ; Bizzintino et al, 2011 ). However, there is reportedly no relationship between disease severity and HRV species ( Lee et al, 2012 ; Chen et al, 2015 ; van der Linden et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotypic Diversity and Epidemiology of Human Rhinovirus Among Children With Severe Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Shanghai, 2013–2015

Zhao

Shen

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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Human rhinovirus (HRV), and particularly HRV-C, is increasingly recognized as a cause of severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs). However, little is known about the genotypic diversity and epidemiology of HRV among children with SARI. Thus, we investigated the genotypic diversity and epidemiology of HRV in children with SARI in China over a 2-year period. In total 1,003, nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from children hospitalized with SARI in Shanghai from 2013 to 2015. HRV was screened for by a PCR method targeting the viral 5′ UTR and was genotyped by sequencing of the VP4–VP2 region of the HRV genome. We also screened for 15 other common respiratory viruses to assess the prevalence of co-infection with HRV. The patient demographic and clinical data were reviewed. HRV was detected in 280 (27.9%) of the 1,003 specimens: HRV-A in 140 (14.0%), HRV-B in 21 (2.1%), HRV-C in 56 (5.6%), and HRV-untyped in 63 (6.3%). A phylogenetic analysis identified 77 genotypes (43 HRV-A, 10 HRV-B, and 24 HRV-C), among which A78, A12, A89, B70, C2, C6, and C24 predominated. HRV-A was detected mainly in winter 2013 and autumn 2014, while HRV-C detection peaked in autumn 2013 and 2014. The detection frequency of HRV-A was highest in patients <5 years old. Most HRV co-infections involved adenovirus, human bocavirus, and/or human respiratory syncytial virus. In conclusion, HRV-A and -C predominate in children with SARI in Shanghai. Among the 77 genotypes detected, A78, A12, A89, B70, C2, C6, and C24 were the most frequent. The HRV species responsible for SARIs differs according to season and age.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic Diversity and Epidemiology of Human Rhinovirus Among Children With Severe Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Shanghai, 2013–2015

Zhao

Shen

et al. 2018

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Unexpectedly, more than half of the VP4 reads for March, October, November, and December were classified as rhinovirus (Table S1) and, as expected, rhinovirus exhibited a characteristic spring and fall seasonal trend (see Fig. S2 in the supplemental material) (47). Although the detection of rhinoviruses in municipal wastewater is intriguing, it was not surprising that the VP4 primers used in this study cross-reacted with rhinoviruses because the MD91 forward primer matched perfectly to many NCBI rhinovirus genotypes (data not shown) and the OL-68 reverse primer has been shown to anneal to rhinovirus genomes (48).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Retrospective Surveillance of Wastewater To Examine Seasonal Dynamics of Enterovirus Infections

Brinkman

Fout

Keely

2017

mSphere

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Enteroviruses are RNA viruses that are responsible for both mild gastroenteritis and mild respiratory illnesses as well as debilitating diseases such as meningitis and myocarditis. The disease burden of enteroviruses in the United States is difficult to assess because most infections are not recorded. Since infected individuals shed enterovirus in feces and urine, surveillance of municipal wastewater can reveal the diversity of enteroviruses circulating in human populations. Therefore, monthly municipal wastewater samples were collected for 1 year and enteroviruses were quantified by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR and identified by next-generation, high-throughput sequencing. Enterovirus concentrations ranged from 3.8 to 5.9 log equivalent copies/liter in monthly samples. From the mean monthly concentration, it can be estimated that 2.8% of the contributing population was shedding enterovirus daily. Sequence analysis showed that and alternate in predominance, with comprising over 80% of the reads during the summer and fall months and accounting for >45% of the reads in spring. was observed throughout the year, while was present intermittently. Principal-component analysis further supported the date corresponding to enterovirus seasonal trends as CVA6 () was predominant in the spring months; CVB3, CVB5, and E9 () were predominant in the summer and fall months; and CVA1, CVA19, and CVA22 () and EV97 () were predominant in winter. Rhinoviruses were also observed. Wastewater monitoring of human enterovirus provided improved insight into the seasonal patterns of enteroviruses circulating in communities and can contribute to understanding of enterovirus disease burden. Enterovirus infections are often not tracked or reported to health officials. This makes it hard to know how many people in a community are infected with these viruses at any given time. Here, we explored enterovirus in municipal wastewater to look at this issue. We show that enteroviruses are present year-round in municipal wastewater at levels of up to 800,000 genomic copies per liter. We estimate that, on average, 2.8% of the people contributing to the wastewater shed enterovirus daily. Sequence analysis of the viral capsid protein 4 gene shows that 8 enterovirus types are key drivers of seasonal trends. Populations of members peak in the spring, while types are most prevalent during the summer and fall months and members influence the winter months. was observed sporadically and did not influence seasonal trends.

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“…The majority of studies conducted in many parts of the world have consistently reported that RV-A, B, and C are detected in 48% to 65%, 2% to 12%, and 26% to 44% of samples, respectively. 4,5,7,9,12,[14][15][16][17][18][19]26,27,30,[32][33][34][35] Our study is unique to many other studies in that we assessed viral types in a communitybased rural setting, using prospective surveillance, compared with the clinic or hospital-based surveillance in more urban settings.…”

Section: Illness Severitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, no differences in illness severity between RV species were found in other studies. [14][15][16][17][18][19] The epidemiology and clinical significance of specific RV types have not been analyzed for very young infants in a rural community setting. The molecular characterization of RV infections is limited for RV circulating in developing countries, including countries in Asia, such as Nepal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic characterization of rhinoviruses from infants in Sarlahi, Nepal

Kuypers

Perchetti

Chu

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Virology

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Problem Rhinoviruses (RVs), the most common causes of acute respiratory infections in young children and infants, are highly diverse genetically. Objective To characterize the RV types detected with respiratory illness episodes in infants in Nepal. Study methods Infants born to women enrolled in a randomized trial of maternal influenza immunization in rural, southern Nepal were followed with household‐based weekly surveillance until 180 days of age. Infants with respiratory symptoms had nasal swabs tested for twelve respiratory viruses. A subset with RV alone was selected for sequencing of the VP4/2 gene to identify RV types. Results Among 547 RV‐only positive illnesses detected from December 2012 to April 2014, 285 samples (52%) were sequenced. RV‐A, B, and C species were detected in 193 (68%), 18 (6%), and 74 (26%) specimens, respectively. A total of 94 unique types were identified from the sequenced samples, including 52 RV‐A, 11 RV‐B, and 31 RV‐C. Multiple species and types circulated simultaneously throughout the study period. No seasonality was observed. The median ages at illness onset were 88, 104, and 88 days for RV‐A, B, and C, respectively. The median polymerase chain reaction cycle threshold values did not differ between RV species. No differences between RV species were observed for reported respiratory symptoms, including pneumonia, or for medical care‐seeking. Conclusions Among very young, symptomatic infants in rural Nepal, all three species and many types of RV were identified; RV‐A was detected most frequently. There was no association between RV species and disease severity.

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A molecular epidemiological perspective of rhinovirus types circulating in Amsterdam from 2007 to 2012

Cited by 29 publications

References 30 publications

Genotypic Diversity and Epidemiology of Human Rhinovirus Among Children With Severe Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Shanghai, 2013–2015

Genotypic Diversity and Epidemiology of Human Rhinovirus Among Children With Severe Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Shanghai, 2013–2015

Retrospective Surveillance of Wastewater To Examine Seasonal Dynamics of Enterovirus Infections

Phylogenetic characterization of rhinoviruses from infants in Sarlahi, Nepal

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