A molecular analysis of prokaryotic and viral DNA sequences in prostate tissue from patients with prostate cancer indicates the presence of multiple and diverse microorganisms

Sfanos, Karen S.; Sauvageot, Jurga; Fedor, Helen; Dick, James D.; Marzo, Angelo M. De; Isaacs, William B.

doi:10.1002/pros.20680

Cited by 178 publications

(156 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Interestingly, several studies have correlated prostatic CA/PC with bacterial infections, and multiple groups have succeeded in culturing bacteria from PC (7,9,14,15). Species cultured include Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp., species that have been identified in the prostates of cancer patients via 16S rDNA analysis and have been suggested as possibly playing a role in prostatic inflammation and/or carcinogenesis (46). Another indirect indication that prostatic CA may play a role in the development of prostate cancer is the finding that frequency of ejaculation is inversely related to prostate cancer risk (47,48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute inflammatory proteins constitute the organic matrix of prostatic corpora amylacea and calculi in men with prostate cancer

Sfanos¹,

Wilson

Marzo

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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124

107

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Corpora amylacea (CA) are a frequent microscopic finding in radical prostatectomy specimens from men undergoing treatment for prostate cancer. Although often observed histologically to be associated with inflammation, the contribution of CA to prostatitis-related symptoms of unknown etiology or to prostate carcinogenesis remains unclear. Prostatic calculi (PC), which potentially represent calcified forms of CA, are less common but can cause urological disease including urinary retention and prostatitis. We conducted a comprehensive compositional analysis of CA/PC to gain insight into their biogenesis. Infrared spectroscopy analysis of calculi collected from 23 patients confirmed a prevalence of calcium phosphate in the form of hydroxyapatite. This result sets PC apart from most urinary stones, which largely are composed of calcium oxalate. Tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of CA/PC revealed that lactoferrin is the predominant protein component, a result that was confirmed by Western blot analysis. Other proteins identified, including calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, and ␣-defensins, are proteins contained in neutrophil granules. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) suggested the source of lactoferrin to be prostate-infiltrating neutrophils as well as inflamed prostate epithelium; however, IHC for calprotectin suggested prostate-infiltrating neutrophils as a major source of the protein, because it was absent from other prostate compartments. This study represents a definitive analysis of the protein composition of prostatic CA and calculi and suggests that acute inflammation has a role in their biogenesis-an intriguing finding, given the prevalence of CA in prostatectomy specimens and the hypothesized role for inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis.acute inflammation ͉ lactoferrin ͉ neutrophil ͉ hydroxyapatite ͉ prostatic calculi

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute inflammatory proteins constitute the organic matrix of prostatic corpora amylacea and calculi in men with prostate cancer

Sfanos¹,

Wilson

Marzo

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

124

107

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show abstract

“…Previous studies regarding the relationship between PCa and prostatic calculi have found that bacteria were present in prostatic calculi. The authors were able to culture Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas species from prostatic calculi in PCa patients and postulated that inflammation resulting from the presence of these bacteria could influence prostate carcinogenesis [10,11]. Moreover, there is a report that states that the risk of PCa is reduced as ejaculation frequency increases, thus indirectly demonstrating that prostatic calculi have a relationship with PCa, as the frequency of prostatic calculi is inversely correlated with ejaculatory frequency [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prostate calculi in cancer and BPH in a cohort of Korean men: presence of calculi did not correlate with cancer risk

Hwang¹,

Choi²,

Im³

et al. 2009

Asian J Androl

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Prostatic calculi are common and are associated with inflammation of the prostate. Recently, it has been suggested that this inflammation may be associated with prostate carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prostatic calculi and prostate cancer (PCa) in prostate biopsy specimens. We retrospectively analyzed 417 consecutive patients who underwent transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) and prostate biopsies between January 2005 and January 2008. Based on the biopsy findings, patients were divided into benign prostatic hyperplasia and PCa groups. TRUS was used to detect prostatic calculi and to measure prostate volume. The correlations between PCa risk and age, serum total PSA levels, prostate volume, and prostatic calculi were analyzed. Patient age and PSA, as well as the frequency of prostatic calculi in the biopsy specimens, differed significantly between both the groups (P < 0.05). In the PCa group, the Gleason scores (GSs) were higher in patients with prostatic calculi than in patients without prostatic calculi (P = 0.023). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found that patient age, serum total PSA and prostate volume were risk factors for PCa (P = 0.001), but that the presence of prostatic calculi was not associated with an increased risk of PCa (P = 0.13). In conclusion, although the presence of prostatic calculi was not shown to be a risk factor for PCa, prostatic calculi were more common in patients with PCa and were associated with a higher GS among these men.

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“…Due to difficult cloning or the lack of a cloning technique and sequencing of 16S products, very few 16S sequences from prostate tissue of PC patients have been reported. Species belonging to the bacterial family Enterobacteriaceae (and specifically sequences related to E. coli) appear to be the most commonly detected organism at present (23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of hypertension on bacteria composition of prostate biopsy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer in PSA grey-zone

Meng

Zhou

et al. 2016

Biomedical Reports

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Abstract. Diagnostic prostate cancer (PC) is difficult to diagnose by prostate biopsy, even in patients with markedly elevated PSA levels. Therefore, we aimed to identify a new, better technique to detect PC in a more consistent manner. A variety of steps were employed to validate this proposed method, including DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and DGGE band sequencing. Four transperineal prostate biopsy specimens were obtained from male patients. The patients were under the age of 65 and PSA levels were 4-10 ng/ml. We also investigated the bacteria composition of transperineal prostate biopsy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and PC by PCR-DGGE profiling. Sequences from selected bands 2 and 4 both matched with Sphingomonas, which is present in lower amounts in PC without hypertension as compared to PC with hypertension, while there were no particular differences in the BPH group. Specific bacteria from the prostate biopsy tissues provide further confidence in PC diagnosis based on a PCR approach as a diagnostic tool, while hypertension was found to be a disturbing factor that can affect the diagnosis of BPH and PC in grey-zone.

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A molecular analysis of prokaryotic and viral DNA sequences in prostate tissue from patients with prostate cancer indicates the presence of multiple and diverse microorganisms

Cited by 178 publications

References 58 publications

Acute inflammatory proteins constitute the organic matrix of prostatic corpora amylacea and calculi in men with prostate cancer

Acute inflammatory proteins constitute the organic matrix of prostatic corpora amylacea and calculi in men with prostate cancer

Prostate calculi in cancer and BPH in a cohort of Korean men: presence of calculi did not correlate with cancer risk

Effect of hypertension on bacteria composition of prostate biopsy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer in PSA grey-zone

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