A Modified EPA Method 1623 that Uses Tangential Flow Hollow-fiber Ultrafiltration and Heat Dissociation Steps to Detect Waterborne &lt;em&gt;Cryptosporidium&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Giardia spp.&lt;/em&gt;

Rhodes, Eric R.; Villegas, Leah Fohl; Shaw, Nancy J.; Miller, Carrie; Villegas, Eric N.

doi:10.3791/4177

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…As quenching agent, 0.1 ml of 3% sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ) was added to containers (the sample bottles) before the collection of water having residual chlorine (for treated samples) at the laboratory before sample collection to neutralize the chlorine present in the sample [19].…”

Section: Sample Collection and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and safety of municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

Wolde

Jemal²,

Woldearegay

et al. 2020

Environ Health Prev Med

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Background:In low resourced countries, water-associated diseases have still impact on public health. Poor quality of water can cause waterborne diseases through bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites that has been responsible for millions of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess quality and safety of public municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City. Methods: Descriptive epidemiological study design that used quantitative approach was carried out at Addis Ababa City Administration from June 2016 to October 2016. Pre-tested and standardized aseptic sample collection technique was utilized to collect a total of 2976 samples (2951 water samples for bacteriological analysis by Presence-Absence (P-A) culturing method and 25 samples for parasites identification through direct microscopy examination). Descriptive data were summarized and cleaned by the SPSS version 20 software and presented in table and graph. Results: The study revealed that 10%, 7% and 3% were positive for bacteriological, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms respectively through Presence-Absence Broth test. The bacterial distribution trends from 1st to 13th weeks of wet season were slight increment of total coliforms and slight decrement for fecal coliforms. All tested for parasitological samples from selected reservoirs were free from parasitological species. Conclusion: This study reflects that there were positive for bacterial, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms during the study period. It needs continuous screening and treating water sources to utmost important for prevention and control waterborne disease.

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Section: Sample Collection and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality and safety of municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

Wolde

Jemal²,

Woldearegay

et al. 2020

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…Since its introduction in 1996, a number of revisions have been proposed (USEPA Method 1623.1 EPA 816-R-12-001; Rhodes et al, 2012), particularly with regard to sample filtration and immunomagnetic separation, and different kinds of filters and IMS kits have been tested and validated for use (Skotarczak et al, 2009). …”

Section: Detection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giardia duodenalis

Boarato-David¹,

Guimarães²,

Cacciò³

2019

Water and Sanitation for the 21st Century: Health and Microbiological Aspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management (Global Wate

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“…After shaking by hand for 30 s at room temperature, the strawberries were removed and the eluent poured into a centrifuge bottle [16,17]. For irrigation water, 55 mL of each sample was tested for bacteria and the remainder of the 10 L sample was concentrated to approximately 200 mL of retentate using hollow fiber ultrafiltration [18] to test for Giardia and Cryptosporidium.…”

Section: Microbiological Analysis Of Strawberries and Irrigation Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological Contamination of Strawberries from U-Pick Farms in Guangzhou, China

Wei

Hou

Pan

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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This study quantified the association of rodent fruit damage and the microbiological quality of irrigation water on the risk of microbiological contamination of strawberries collected from 18 U-pick farms across five different districts in the Guangzhou metropolitan region of southern China. Fifty-four composite strawberries samples, with or without evidence of rodent or avian foraging damage (i.e., bitten), along with 16 irrigation water samples, were collected during the spring of 2014 and winter of 2015 from our cohort of 18 farms. Composite strawberry samples and irrigation water were analyzed for total coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella, E. coli O157, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Total coliforms and E. coli were detected in 100% and ~90% of irrigation water samples, respectively. In contrast, Cryptosporidium was detected in only two water samples, while Salmonella, E. coli O157, and Giardia were not detected in any water samples. Strawberries with signs of being bitten by wildlife had significantly higher concentrations of total coliforms and E. coli, compared to strawberries with no physical evidence of rodent damage (p < 0.001). Similarly, Cryptosporidium was detected in 7/18 (39%) of bitten, 4/18 (22%) of edge, and 5/18 (28%) of central strawberry samples, respectively. Concentration of E. coli on strawberries (p < 0.001), air temperature (p = 0.025), and presence of Cryptosporidium in irrigation water (p < 0.001) were all associated with the risk of Cryptosporidium contamination on strawberries. Salmonella and Giardia were detected in <4% strawberry samples and E. coli O157 was not detected in any samples. These results indicate the potential food safety and public health risks of consuming unwashed strawberries from U-pick farms, and the need for improved rodent biosecurity of U-pick strawberry fields and enhanced microbiological quality of irrigation water used at these facilities.

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A Modified EPA Method 1623 that Uses Tangential Flow Hollow-fiber Ultrafiltration and Heat Dissociation Steps to Detect Waterborne <em>Cryptosporidium</em> and <em>Giardia spp.</em>

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Quality and safety of municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

Quality and safety of municipal drinking water in Addis Ababa City, Ethiopia

Giardia duodenalis

Microbiological Contamination of Strawberries from U-Pick Farms in Guangzhou, China

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