“…A PV module's output power is, however, plagued by irradiance levels, temperature, loads, and so on, which undoubtedly impair conversion efficiency. A number of studies in the literature have addressed such problems and improved the overall conversion efficiency of a PV system [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]. Ahmed et al proposed a design strategy of perturbation parameters based on the HC algorithm for PV MPPT control [5].…”