A modified anaerobic method of sweat collection

Abstract

In an attempt to devise a method for collecting large volumes of thermally induced sweat with less epidermal contamination and evaporative water loss, we developed an anaerobic sweat collector by using a sheet of polyethylene film placed over a thin layer of Vaseline and paraffin oil on the skin. To test the validity of the new method, sweat samples collected every 5 min from the new collector (sweat A) were compared with those obtained from a second collector using no oil (sweat B) and scraped sweat for concentrations of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), protein, glucose, urea, lactic acid, calcium, sodium, potassium, and cholesterol. The concentration of sweat ingredients in scraped sweat was often far greater than could be expected from evaporative water loss alone. When compared with sweat A, sweat B also had higher concentrations of these ingredients in the initial samples, indicating epidermal contamination, which was especially marked in cAMP, protein, urea, cholesterol, and calcium. Concomitant with a rise in plasma glucose following the administration of a glucose bolus, the sweat glucose significantly increased, indicating the plasma as a major source of sweat glucose. We conclude that the new sweat collector is instrumental in collecting large volumes of the cleanest possible human sweat.

The detection and measurement of interleukin-6 in venous and capillary blood samples, and in sweat collected at rest and during exercise

“…It is possible that the resultant sweat available for analysis contains some contamination from the absorbent pad and may give rise to false positive or false negative results (Brisson et al 1991). In the present study, this issue was circumvented by allowing the sweat to pool during the collection period before aspiration, thus negating any potential contamination from collection pads (Boysen et al 1984). Furthermore, we employed a 20 minute washout sweat collection period to allow for any epidermal or sweat gland derived protein debris to be removed prior to collecting the main sweat sample for analysis.…”

A case of severe refractory chronic urticaria: A novel method for evaluation and treatment

“…They also showed that autologous sweat was able to induce histamine release from basophils, which correlated with the size of the positive ASwST, implying the sweat itself contains factors that can induce histamine release. 14 Adachi et al collected sweat as described by Boysen et al, 15 who described an anaerobic method of collecting large volumes of sweat with less epidermal contamination. They heated the area with a hair dryer and constructed a sweat collector out of petroleum jelly and paraffin oil covered by polyethylene film attached to rubber tubing and a syringe.…”

“…They heated the area with a hair dryer and constructed a sweat collector out of petroleum jelly and paraffin oil covered by polyethylene film attached to rubber tubing and a syringe. 15 Otherwise, published articles on the methods of ChU and sweat collection are lacking in further details. 14,16 Therefore, this is the first study using PI for sweat collection to perform ASwST.…”

Fully integrated wearable sensor arrays for multiplexed in situ perspiration analysis

“…Sweat samples were collected every 2–4 min by scratching their foreheads with micro-tubes, and subjects’ foreheads were wiped and cleaned with gauze after every sweat collection 19 . The changes of [Na + ] and [K + ] during euhydration and dehydration trials were also studied ex situ in the same manner.…”

“…Sweat analysis is currently used for applications such as disease diagnosis, drug abuse detection, and athletic performance optimization 13 . For these applications, the sample collection and analysis are performed separately, failing to provide a real-time profile of sweat content secretion, while requiring extensive laboratory analysis using bulky instrumentation 19 . Recently, wearable sweat sensors have been developed, with which a variety of biosensors have been used to measure analytes of interest (Supplementary Table 1) 14–18 .…”