A modification of the growth-inhibition test and its use for detecting<i>Mycoplasma mycoides</i>var.<i>mycoides</i>

Davies, Gareth; Read, W. C. S.

doi:10.1017/s002217240004119x

Cited by 32 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…In accordance with other investigations (4,6,8,14,18), the GI test showed a high degree of specificity. Eight strains were tested against homologous and heterologous sera at 37 C and only two one-way cross-reactions were found.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Modifications of the Growth Inhibition Test and its Application to Human T-Mycoplasmas

Black¹

1973

Applied Microbiology

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Several factors were found to influence the growth inhibition test. Inoculum size and amount of antiserum are well known variables, but the method of applying the antiserum, the incubation temperature, and the pH of the agar medium also play significant roles. The growth inhibition test modified according to these findings was found to be specific and well suited for the classification and identification of human T-mycoplasmas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Modifications of the Growth Inhibition Test and its Application to Human T-Mycoplasmas

Black¹

1973

Applied Microbiology

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“…capricolum (26), M. primatum, M. equigenitalium, and M. gallisepticum (2, 6, 9-11, 21-23, 32, 37). Even growth inhibition with polyclonal antibodies (7) and indirect immunofluorescence (8), assays which are considered species specific and which are used to classify Mycoplasma isolates (12), cannot differentiate F38 from M. capricolum subsp. capricolum and BSG7 (23).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Mycoplasma strain F38 growth-inhibiting monoclonal antibody (WM-25) identifies an epitope on a surface-exposed polysaccharide antigen

Rurangirwa¹,

Wambugu²,

Kihara³

et al. 1995

Infect Immun

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Monoclonal antibody (MAb) WM-25 differentiates by in vitro growth inhibition Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae (Mycoplasma strain F38), which causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia, from other Mycoplasma spp. (F. R. Rurangirwa, T. C. McGuire, A. J. Musoke, and A. Kibor, Infect. Immun. 55:3219-3220, 1987). The antigen identified by MAb WM-25 was isolated from solubilized Mycoplasma strain F38 organisms by MAb WM-25 affinity chromatography and was stained with Schiff's reagent, but not with Coomassie blue, after separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Treatment of purified F38 polysaccharide with periodate abolished binding with MAb WM-25, and MAb WM-25 binding was blocked with laminarin, a complex oligosaccharide with ␤(133) sugar linkages. Purified F38 polysaccharide blocked both growth inhibition and agglutination of live F38 organisms caused by MAb WM-25 and rabbit antiserum to F38 organisms. The results in this paper demonstrate that MAb WM-25 binds a periodatesensitive epitope on the F38 polysaccharide which is also exposed on the surface of Mycoplasma strain F38. Because MAb WM-25 also causes in vitro growth inhibition of F38, the reactive polysaccharide epitope may induce protective immune responses.

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“…capricolum has also been widely studied as a model to understand the basic molecular biology of mycoplasmas and as a representative of this phylogenetic cluster (9,23,31,37,44). Notably, subspecies within this cluster show considerable and inconsistent crossreactivity in assorted serological assays designed to differentiate these organisms (8,10,14,16,42). This study was prompted by the completion of the genome sequence of M. capricolum subsp.…”

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Distinctive Repertoire of Contingency Genes Conferring Mutation- Based Phase Variation and Combinatorial Expression of Surface Lipoproteins in Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum of the Mycoplasma mycoides Phylogenetic Cluster

Wise

Foecking²,

Röske³

et al. 2006

J Bacteriol

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The generation of surface variation among many divergent species of Mollicutes (mycoplasmas) occurs through stochastic expression patterns of diverse lipoprotein genes. The size and wide distribution of such variable gene sets in minimal (ϳ0.6-to 1.4-Mb) mycoplasmal genomes suggest their key role in the adaptation and survival of these wall-less monoderms. Diversity through variable genes is less clearly established among phylogenetically similar mycoplasmas, such as the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster of ruminant pathogens, which vary widely in host range and pathobiology. Using (i) genome sequences from two members of this clade, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony biotype (SC), (ii) antibodies to specific peptide determinants of predicted M. capricolum subsp. capricolum gene products, and (iii) analysis of the membrane-associated proteome of M. capricolum subsp. capricolum, a novel set of six genes (vmcA to vmcF) expressing distinct Vmc (variable M. capricolum subsp. capricolum) lipoproteins is demonstrated. These occur at two separate loci in the M. capricolum subsp. capricolum genome, which shares striking overall similarity and gene synteny with the M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC genome. Collectively, Vmc expression is noncoordinate and combinatorial, subject to a single-unit insertion/deletion in a 5 flanking dinucleotide repeat that governs expression of each vmc gene. All vmc genes share modular regions affecting expression and membrane translocation. In contrast, vmcA to vmcD genes at one locus express surface proteins with highly structured size-variable repeating domains, whereas vmcE to vmcF genes express products with short repeats devoid of predicted structure. These genes confer a distinctive, dynamic surface architecture that may represent adaptive differences within this important group of pathogens as well as exploitable diagnostic targets.Among the monoderms comprising the low-GϩC Firmicutes, Mollicutes (termed mycoplasmas in this report) represent a clade of organisms that displays both marked genome reduction and extensive phylogenetic divergence (21,52). Many of the Ͼ200 known mycoplasmal species (22,50) are obligate parasites and significant pathogens of vertebrate hosts. Their dependence on host factors for survival stems in part from an absence of genes encoding critical metabolic pathways that are present in many bacteria, a paucity of regulatory networks providing classic gene regulation in response to environmental cues and limitations imposed by the lack of genes for cell wall synthesis. In addition, and despite some examples of their growth and survival in intracellular environments (1,5,26,55), mycoplasmas generally occur in niches outside host cells. This changing milieu demands an adaptive survival stategy and implies the need in these wall-less organisms for a cell surface capable of dynamic host interactions, both opportunistic as well as defensive. Although the full range of such strategies is not known, the generation of membrane ...

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A modification of the growth-inhibition test and its use for detectingMycoplasma mycoidesvar.mycoides

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Modifications of the Growth Inhibition Test and its Application to Human T-Mycoplasmas

Modifications of the Growth Inhibition Test and its Application to Human T-Mycoplasmas

A Mycoplasma strain F38 growth-inhibiting monoclonal antibody (WM-25) identifies an epitope on a surface-exposed polysaccharide antigen

Distinctive Repertoire of Contingency Genes Conferring Mutation- Based Phase Variation and Combinatorial Expression of Surface Lipoproteins in Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum of the Mycoplasma mycoides Phylogenetic Cluster

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