Distinctive Repertoire of Contingency Genes Conferring Mutation- Based Phase Variation and Combinatorial Expression of Surface Lipoproteins in
 Mycoplasma capricolum
 subsp.
 capricolum
 of the
 Mycoplasma mycoides
 Phylogenetic Cluster

Wise, Kim S.; Foecking, Mark F.; Röske, Kerstin; Lee, Young Jin; Madan, Anup; Calcutt, Michael J.

doi:10.1128/jb.00252-06

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…capricolum ( Mcc ). These mechanisms promote high-frequency surface variations, Vpma in Ma and Vmc in Mcc (Glew and others 2000, Wise and others, 2006). A mechanism promoting high-frequency surface variations has not been described in Movp .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic profiles among caprine and ovineMycoplasma ovipneumoniaestrains

Maksimović

Amores

et al. 2017

Veterinary Record

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() is considered to be one of the most important mycoplasmas causing respiratory disease in small ruminants. Most epidemiologic and characterisation studies have been conducted on strains collected from sheep. Information on the presence and characteristics of in healthy and pneumonic goats is limited. Phenotypic or genotypic differences between sheep and goat isolates have never been studied. The objective of our study was to characterise and compare the similarities and differences between caprine and ovine strains isolated from affected and asymptomatic animals in order to elucidate phenotypic and genotypic variability. Four different techniques were used on a set of 23 isolates. These included SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, random amplified polymorphic DNA and the heat shock protein 70 gene sequence-based method. A high degree of phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity among strains was demonstrated in this study. Our results demonstrated differences between goat and sheep strains, revealing not only a link between strains and host ruminant species, but by geographical origin as well. However, the finding of immunodominant antigens of molecular masses 36, 38, 40 and 70 kDa (±3 kDa) in isolates from sheep and goats foretells their potential use in the development of serological diagnostic tests and vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic profiles among caprine and ovineMycoplasma ovipneumoniaestrains

Maksimović

Amores

et al. 2017

Veterinary Record

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“…capricolum subsp. capricolum [25]. In contrast, there is a limited amount of sequence data available for M.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Being Pathogenic, Plastic, and Sexual while Living with a Nearly Minimal Bacterial Genome

et al. 2007

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Mycoplasmas are commonly described as the simplest self-replicating organisms, whose evolution was mainly characterized by genome downsizing with a proposed evolutionary scenario similar to that of obligate intracellular bacteria such as insect endosymbionts. Thus far, analysis of mycoplasma genomes indicates a low level of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) implying that DNA acquisition is strongly limited in these minimal bacteria. In this study, the genome of the ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma agalactiae was sequenced. Comparative genomic data and phylogenetic tree reconstruction revealed that ∼18% of its small genome (877,438 bp) has undergone HGT with the phylogenetically distinct mycoides cluster, which is composed of significant ruminant pathogens. HGT involves genes often found as clusters, several of which encode lipoproteins that usually play an important role in mycoplasma–host interaction. A decayed form of a conjugative element also described in a member of the mycoides cluster was found in the M. agalactiae genome, suggesting that HGT may have occurred by mobilizing a related genetic element. The possibility of HGT events among other mycoplasmas was evaluated with the available sequenced genomes. Our data indicate marginal levels of HGT among Mycoplasma species except for those described above and, to a lesser extent, for those observed in between the two bird pathogens, M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae. This first description of large-scale HGT among mycoplasmas sharing the same ecological niche challenges the generally accepted evolutionary scenario in which gene loss is the main driving force of mycoplasma evolution. The latter clearly differs from that of other bacteria with small genomes, particularly obligate intracellular bacteria that are isolated within host cells. Consequently, mycoplasmas are not only able to subvert complex hosts but presumably have retained sexual competence, a trait that may prevent them from genome stasis and contribute to adaptation to new hosts.

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“…Importantly, this structured characteristic underscores their fundamental difference from a separate class of repeat proteins in which short, tandemly arrayed sequences predict intrinsically unstructured products [41,42]. It is noteworthy that such unstructured repeats occur in some families of surface proteins expressed in mycoplasmal taxa that also harbor ORFs with the HMM-defined repeat we report here [43]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 64%

A versatile palindromic amphipathic repeat coding sequence horizontally distributed among diverse bacterial and eucaryotic microbes

Röske¹,

Foecking²,

Yooseph³

et al. 2010

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundIntragenic tandem repeats occur throughout all domains of life and impart functional and structural variability to diverse translation products. Repeat proteins confer distinctive surface phenotypes to many unicellular organisms, including those with minimal genomes such as the wall-less bacterial monoderms, Mollicutes. One such repeat pattern in this clade is distributed in a manner suggesting its exchange by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Expanding genome sequence databases reveal the pattern in a widening range of bacteria, and recently among eucaryotic microbes. We examined the genomic flux and consequences of the motif by determining its distribution, predicted structural features and association with membrane-targeted proteins.ResultsUsing a refined hidden Markov model, we document a 25-residue protein sequence motif tandemly arrayed in variable-number repeats in ORFs lacking assigned functions. It appears sporadically in unicellular microbes from disparate bacterial and eucaryotic clades, representing diverse lifestyles and ecological niches that include host parasitic, marine and extreme environments. Tracts of the repeats predict a malleable configuration of recurring domains, with conserved hydrophobic residues forming an amphipathic secondary structure in which hydrophilic residues endow extensive sequence variation. Many ORFs with these domains also have membrane-targeting sequences that predict assorted topologies; others may comprise reservoirs of sequence variants. We demonstrate expressed variants among surface lipoproteins that distinguish closely related animal pathogens belonging to a subgroup of the Mollicutes. DNA sequences encoding the tandem domains display dyad symmetry. Moreover, in some taxa the domains occur in ORFs selectively associated with mobile elements. These features, a punctate phylogenetic distribution, and different patterns of dispersal in genomes of related taxa, suggest that the repeat may be disseminated by HGT and intra-genomic shuffling.ConclusionsWe describe novel features of PARCELs (Palindromic Amphipathic Repeat Coding ELements), a set of widely distributed repeat protein domains and coding sequences that were likely acquired through HGT by diverse unicellular microbes, further mobilized and diversified within genomes, and co-opted for expression in the membrane proteome of some taxa. Disseminated by multiple gene-centric vehicles, ORFs harboring these elements enhance accessory gene pools as part of the "mobilome" connecting genomes of various clades, in taxa sharing common niches.

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Distinctive Repertoire of Contingency Genes Conferring Mutation- Based Phase Variation and Combinatorial Expression of Surface Lipoproteins in Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum of the Mycoplasma mycoides Phylogenetic Cluster

Cited by 29 publications

References 61 publications

Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic profiles among caprine and ovineMycoplasma ovipneumoniaestrains

Comparison of phenotypic and genotypic profiles among caprine and ovineMycoplasma ovipneumoniaestrains

Being Pathogenic, Plastic, and Sexual while Living with a Nearly Minimal Bacterial Genome

A versatile palindromic amphipathic repeat coding sequence horizontally distributed among diverse bacterial and eucaryotic microbes

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