A modeling approach to energy savings of flying Canada geese using computational fluid dynamics

Maeng, Joo-Sung; Park, Jae-Hyung; Jang, Seong-Min; Han, Sang Whan

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.11.032

Cited by 31 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…We have not reviewed studies of the in-flight energy costs and savings of mallards or coots in flight. However, compared with on-water energy saving of ducklings, these wing lengths and body length values are closer to the proportionate in-flight energy saving of 16 % for geese reported by Maeng et al (2013), and the 14 % energy saving reported by Cutts and Speakman (1984). Nonetheless, further study is required of the combined effects of on-water and in-flight energy saving on variations in size and strength for species that experience both kinds of of energy savings.…”

Section: Penguin and Other Huddlessupporting

confidence: 83%

Energy saving mechanisms, collective behavior and the variation range hypothesis in biological systems: A review

Trenchard

Perc

2016

Biosystems

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Energy saving mechanisms are ubiquitous in nature. Aerodynamic and hydrodynamic drafting, vortice uplift, Bernoulli suction, thermoregulatory coupling, path following, physical hooks, synchronization, and cooperation are only some of the better-known examples. While drafting mechanisms also appear in non-biological systems such as sedimentation and particle vortices, the broad spectrum of these mechanisms appears more diversely in biological systems including bacteria, spermatozoa, various aquatic species, birds, land animals, semi-fluid dwellers like turtle hatchlings, as well as human systems. We present the thermodynamic framework for energy saving mechanisms, and we review evidence in favor of the variation range hypothesis. This hypothesis posits that, as an evolutionary process, the variation range between strongest and weakest group members converges on the equivalent energy saving quantity that is generated by the energy saving mechanism. We also review self-organized structures that emerge due to energy saving mechanisms, including convective processes that can be observed in many systems over both short and long time scales, as well as high collective output processes in which a form of collective position locking occurs.

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Section: Penguin and Other Huddlessupporting

confidence: 83%

Energy saving mechanisms, collective behavior and the variation range hypothesis in biological systems: A review

Trenchard

Perc

2016

Biosystems

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“…As predictive simulation is a relatively new method of investigating animal flight, the author feels that constructing a robust, balanced theoretical model will lay the appropriate foundations for this field [32]; future work may then incorporate more advanced models of avian aerodynamics [34,35] or species-specific wing mass distributions [36], for example.…”

Section: Modelling Philosophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting power-optimal kinematics of avian wings

Parslew

2015

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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A theoretical model of avian flight is developed which simulates wing motion through a class of methods known as predictive simulation. This approach uses numerical optimization to predict power-optimal kinematics of avian wings in hover, cruise, climb and descent. The wing dynamics capture both aerodynamic and inertial loads. The model is used to simulate the flight of the pigeon, Columba livia, and the results are compared with previous experimental measurements. In cruise, the model unearths a vast range of kinematic modes that are capable of generating the required forces for flight. The most efficient mode uses a near-vertical stroke-plane and a flexed-wing upstroke, similar to kinematics recorded experimentally. In hover, the model predicts that the power-optimal mode uses an extended-wing upstroke, similar to hummingbirds. In flexing their wings, pigeons are predicted to consume 20% more power than if they kept their wings full extended, implying that the typical kinematics used by pigeons in hover are suboptimal. Predictions of climbing flight suggest that the most energy-efficient way to reach a given altitude is to climb as steeply as possible, subjected to the availability of power.

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“…Fixed-wing aerodynamic theories have predicted the exact spanwise positioning that birds should adopt within a V formation flock to maximise upwash capture 4,[9][10][11][12][13][14] . The primary empirical evidence to confirm that this mechanism is used is a reduction in heart rate and wing-beat frequency in pelicans flying in a V formation 7 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…We demonstrate that when flying in a V, ibises position themselves in fixed-wing mathematically predicted positions 4,9-11 . However, the wake path of flapping birds (in this study, ibises spent 97% of their time flapping; Supplementary Methods) is complex [9][10][11][12][13][14] .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Upwash exploitation and downwash avoidance by flap phasing in ibis formation flight

Portugal

Hubel

Fritz

et al. 2014

Nature

301

218

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A modeling approach to energy savings of flying Canada geese using computational fluid dynamics

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

Energy saving mechanisms, collective behavior and the variation range hypothesis in biological systems: A review

Energy saving mechanisms, collective behavior and the variation range hypothesis in biological systems: A review

Predicting power-optimal kinematics of avian wings

Upwash exploitation and downwash avoidance by flap phasing in ibis formation flight

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