A Model to Determine the Propagation Losses Based on the Integration of Hata-Okumura and Wavelet Neural Models

Martínez, Luis Fernando Pedraza; Hernández, César Arranz; López, Danilo

doi:10.1155/2017/1034673

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…In [11], parameters related to body shadowing and furniture effects were added to inputs and the proposed ANN model demonstrated high performance compared to empirical model and measurements. Besides BPNN, radial basis function neural network (RBF-NN) [12], dynamic neural networks (DNN) [13], and wavelet neural network [14], were also employed for path loss prediction. Recently, Neuro-Fuzzy draw great interests in the path loss prediction because of its transparency [15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path Loss Prediction Based on Machine Learning: Principle, Method, and Data Expansion

et al. 2019

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Path loss prediction is of great significance for the performance optimization of wireless networks. With the development and deployment of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems, new path loss prediction methods with high accuracy and low complexity should be proposed. In this paper, the principle and procedure of machine-learning-based path loss prediction are presented. Measured data are used to evaluate the performance of different models such as artificial neural network, support vector regression, and random forest. It is shown that these machine-learning-based models outperform the log-distance model. In view of the fact that the volume of measured data sometimes cannot meet the requirements of machine learning algorithms, we propose two mechanisms to expand the training dataset. On one hand, old measured data can be reused in new scenarios or at different frequencies. On the other hand, the classical model can also be utilized to generate a number of training samples based on the prior information obtained from measured results. Measured data are employed to verify the feasibility of these data expansion mechanisms. Finally, some issues for future research are discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Path Loss Prediction Based on Machine Learning: Principle, Method, and Data Expansion

et al. 2019

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“…Li et al [S14] have investigated the reliability of the C4ISR wireless communication by evaluating the effects of the path loss on the data transmission links. The authors have used the empirical Okumura-Hata model [66] to perform the mathematical analysis, and formulated a mathematical equation to calculate the reliability of the C4ISR data transmission links. The mathematical equation shows that the path loss is directly proportional to the communication distance between two C4ISR assets at a constant operating frequency; also, the link's reliability is inversely proportional to the operating frequency and communication distance.…”

Section: H Impact Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on C3I Systems' Security: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Countermeasures

Ahmad¹,

Dharmadasa²,

Ullah³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Command, Control, Communication, and Intelligence (C3I) system is a kind of system-of-system that integrates computing machines, sensors, and communication networks. C3I systems are increasingly used in critical civil and military operations for achieving information superiority, assurance, and operational efficacy. C3I systems are no exception to the traditional systems facing widespread cyber-threats. However, the sensitive nature of the application domain (e.g., military operations) of C3I systems makes their security a critical concern. For instance, a cyber-attack on military installations can have detrimental impacts on national security. Therefore, in this paper, we review the state-of-the-art on the security of C3I systems. In particular, this paper aims to identify the security vulnerabilities, attack vectors, and countermeasures for C3I systems. We used the well-known systematic literature review method to select and review 77 studies on the security of C3I systems. Our review enabled us to identify 27 vulnerabilities, 22 attack vectors, and 62 countermeasures for C3I systems. This review has also revealed several areas for future research and identified key lessons with regards to C3I systems' security.

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“…The Okumura model [29] is built by Japanese scientist Okumura based on the measurement data of radio transmission loss in Tokyo. The Okumura model can be formally expressed as the following formula:…”

Section: Okumura Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability evaluation for vhf and uhf bands under different scenarios via propagation loss model

Li¹,

Huang²,

Li³

et al. 2019

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability

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Reliability evaluation foR vhf and uhf bands undeR diffeRent scenaRios via pRopagation loss model ocena niezawodności pRopagacji fal Radiowych pasm vhf i uhf w Różnych waRunkach teRenowych z wykoRzystaniem modelu utRaty mocy sygnałuThe significant effect of path loss on the reliability of very high frequency (VHF) and ultrahigh frequency (UHF) bands propagation has drawn much attention. Previous works mainly focus on the reliability evaluation for infrastructures and basic equipment, however, its propagation reliability has not been taken into full consideration. This paper proposes a new method for evaluating the reliability of the wireless communication based on the analysis of the traditional outdoor wave propagation loss models. In the reliability evaluation of the radio communication, we firstly consider the transmission frequency, the antenna height, the cell type and the communication distance. Then, we use a lognormal distribution to fit the random distribution curve of the communication distance so that the relationship between the path loss value and the reliability can be analysed. We further derive the probability distribution function (PDF) and the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the path loss value from different antenna correction factors, cell type correction factors and terrain correction factors. Finally, we calculate the radio communication reliability values at different frequencies based on the threshold of the propagation loss value. Compared with the reliability degree only considering the communication distance threshold, the influence of environmental factors on the reliability of the VHF and the UHF radio propagation has been analysed.

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A Model to Determine the Propagation Losses Based on the Integration of Hata-Okumura and Wavelet Neural Models

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Path Loss Prediction Based on Machine Learning: Principle, Method, and Data Expansion

Path Loss Prediction Based on Machine Learning: Principle, Method, and Data Expansion

A Review on C3I Systems' Security: Vulnerabilities, Attacks, and Countermeasures

Reliability evaluation for vhf and uhf bands under different scenarios via propagation loss model

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