A model to calculate effects of atmospheric deposition on soil acidification, eutrophication and carbon sequestration

Bonten, L.T.C.; Reinds, G.J.; Posch, Maximilian

doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.01.009

Cited by 40 publications

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“…The theory of the model is described in two peer reviewed papers: one about VSD (Posch and Reinds, 2009; section 1 and 2) that describes all chemical processes such as cation exchange, leaching etc, and one about VSD+ (Bonten et al, 2016; section 1 and 2.1) that describes the nutrient cycling that is modelled in VSD+.…”

Section: Janet Mol and Gert Jan Reindsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is not designed for wet ecosystems. In section 4 of Bonten et al (2016) it is described that the model is not extensively tested on heathland and grassland, but that it is suitable for this vegetation type under dry conditions, since the soil processes in such ecosystems are similar to those in forests. For wet circumstances, the model would require the simulation of processes that take place under low-oxygen conditions such as reduction and oxidation.…”

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“…Therefore the VSD model was extended with a sub-model, RothC, that models the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in the soil as a function of C and N inputs and soil characteristics. This VSD+ model (Bonten et al, 2016) is thus much better suited to be linked to vegetation models that compute plant species occurrence probabilities as a function of pH and N characteristics in soils.The Statutory Research Tasks Unit for Nature & the Environment has the policy that all models, that are used for their tasks, have a defined quality level A (see Annex 7). This means that the models are well documented and tested.…”

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“…The testing of the model is described in Chapter 5, calibration and validation in Chapter 6. Chapter 7 handles about the sensitivity analyses of VSD+.Technical documentation VSD+Technical documentation VSD+ | 132 TheoryThe theory of the model is described in two peer reviewed papers: one about VSD (Posch and Reinds, 2009; section 1 and 2) that describes all chemical processes such as cation exchange, leaching etc, and one about VSD+ (Bonten et al, 2016; section 1 and 2.1) that describes the nutrient cycling that is modelled in VSD+. …”

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Technical documentation of the soil model VSD+ : Status A

Mol-Dijkstra¹,

Reinds

2017

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Figs; 11 Tabs; 21 Refs; 7 Annexes. VSD+ is a model to calculate effects of atmospheric deposition and climate change on soil acidification, nutrient availability and carbon sequestration. The model has been developed to support emission abatement strategies of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) in Europe. This document contains a summary of the model theory, technical documentation and descriptions of testing, validations and the sensitivity analysis of the model. The processes described in the paper about VSD+ have been tested successfully. The sensitivity analysis showed that the constant for the equilibrium between H + and Al 3+ in the soil solution and the weathering rate of Ca are the parameters that to a large extent determine the value of the simulated pH. We like to thank Max Posch for his contribution to the testing of the model and documentation of 'Monitor' and the auditors Janien van der Greft, Geerten Hengeveld and George van Voorn for their critical reviews. Janet Mol and Gert Jan ReindsContents Summary VSD+ is a model developed to calculate effects of atmospheric deposition and climate change on soil acidification, nutrient availability and carbon sequestration. Simulated values for pH and nitrogen such as C/N ratio and nitrate concentration can be used in models that predict occurrence probabilities of plant species as a function of abiotic conditions. VSD+ was developed to support the emissions abatement of S and N in Europe and is also used to calculate critical loads for nitrogen and sulphur in support of Dutch environmental policies. The Statutory Research Tasks Unit for Nature & the Environment (WOT Natuur & Milieu) has the policy that all models that are used in WOT context must have the quality status A, which means that the model is described technically, has been tested, validated and a sensitivity analysis has been performed. This information is gathered in this report. Although critical loads give the maximum allowable deposition that, on an infinite time scale, protects an ecosystem, it does not provide information on the time development of pollution induced stress and its effects on the ecosystem. Furthermore, if a critical load is currently exceeded (or was exceeded in the past), neither the critical load nor its excess can be used to estimate the time delay before a criterion, i.e. the critical value of a geochemical indicator associated to a biological effect, is violated.Nor can one estimate from the critical load the time delay to geochemical recovery if deposition is reduced to or below the critical load (Posch et al., 2003). Therefore, interest shifted from critical loads alone towards the use of dynamic acidification models for soils and surface waters, that are capable of simulating the change in time of the chemical ecosystem status as a function of changing deposition (Grennfelt et al., 2001; Posch et al., 2003). To have a model that is fully compatible with critical loads, the VSD model was developed (Posch and Reinds, 2009) that extends the SMB model by incorporating cation ...

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Section: Janet Mol and Gert Jan Reindsmentioning

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