A model to assess the infection potential of jet injectors used in mass immunisation

Jet injector compared with oral midazolam for preoperative sedation in children

“…It is a concern that cross‐infection can occur with the jet injector system related to blood contamination of the fluid delivery system (10). Studies have shown no hazard, or possible hazard related to cross contamination of blood in volumes greater than 10 picoliters (11–13). The potential hazard is related to the production of a high‐pressure fluid compartment under the skin that can mix with blood and produce back pressure and fluid contamination of the injector when the pressure of the jet has dissipated.…”

“…The potential hazard is related to the production of a high‐pressure fluid compartment under the skin that can mix with blood and produce back pressure and fluid contamination of the injector when the pressure of the jet has dissipated. The jet injector systems may allow contamination of blood if the injector head or the fluid delivery system is reusable (13). Cross‐contamination is not a concern for the J‐Tip system since it is a single use device that is disposable.…”

Technologies to Improve Immunization

“…[231][232][233] Fact superseded theory when a Med-E-Jet caused an outbreak of several dozen cases of hepatitis B among patients in a California clinic. 234 Subsequent clinical, 235 field, 236,237 bench, 238 animal, 239,240 and epidemiologic 241,242 studies added more evidence that MUNJIs could transmit pathogens between patients. This led to warnings and discontinuation of their use by public health authorities 24 and to market withdrawal of the Ped-O-Jet and discontinuation of its U.S. military use in 1997.…”

Alternative administration routes and delivery technologies for polio vaccines

“…The use of multidose systems with the same nozzle, occasionally lead to transmission of for example Hepatitis B between recipients. Studies demonstrated the infectious potential of several jet injectors [5,6]. Today, safe jet-injection systems are available using disposable parts facing the vaccinee.…”