A model study of the seasonal and long–term North Atlantic surface &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;p&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; variability

Tjiputra, Jerry; Olsen, Are; Assmann, Karen M.; Pfeil, Benjamin; Heinze, Christoph

doi:10.5194/bg-9-907-2012

Cited by 33 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Also other studies support the temporary decrease of North Atlantic CO 2 uptake during several years of the past decade (Corbière et al, 2007;Schuster et al, 2009). These variations are at least partially attributed to oceanic variability in the North Atlantic associated with a surface pressure pattern change known as North Atlantic Oscillation (Wetzel et al, 2005;Thomas et al, 2008;Tjiputra et al, 2012). In a model study with six coupled Earth system models, Keller et al (2012) identified a see-saw pattern of variations in sea surface pCO 2 between the North Atlantic subtropical gyre and the subpolar Northern Atlantic with an amplitude of ±8 ppm.…”

Section: Detection Of Ongoing Ocean Carbon Sink Strength Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is, next to water vapour, considered to be the most important natural greenhouse gas on Earth. Rapidly rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations caused by human actions such as fossil fuel burning, land-use change or cement production over the past 250 years have given cause for concern that changes in Earth's climate system may progress at a much faster pace and larger extent than during the past 20 000 years. Investigating global carbon cycle pathways and finding suitable adaptation and mitigation strategies has, therefore, become of major concern in many research fields. The oceans have a key role in regulating atmospheric CO 2 concentrations and currently take up about 25 % of annual anthropogenic carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Questions that yet need to be answered are what the carbon uptake kinetics of the oceans will be in the future and how the increase in oceanic carbon inventory will affect its ecosystems and their services. This requires comprehensive investigations, including high-quality ocean carbon measurements on different spatial and temporal scales, the management of data in sophisticated databases, the application of Earth system models to provide future projections for given emission scenarios as well as a global synthesis and outreach to policy makers. In this paper, the current understanding of the ocean as an important carbon sink is reviewed with respect to these topics. Emphasis is placed on the complex interplay of different physical, chemical and biological processes that yield both positive and negative air-sea flux values for natural and anthropogenic CO 2 as well as on increased CO 2 (uptake) as the regulating force of the radiative warming of the atmosphere and the gradual acidification of the oceans. Major future ocean carbon challenges in the fields of ocean observations, modelling and process research as well as the relevance of other biogeochemical cycles and greenhouse gases are discussed.Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

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Section: Detection Of Ongoing Ocean Carbon Sink Strength Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges

et al. 2015

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“…For example, using ocean biogeochemical general circulation models, Thomas et al (2008), Tjiputra et al (2012), and Keller et al (2012) show that over interannual time scales the surface pCO 2 variations in the North Atlantic are mainly driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation. Also in the Southern Ocean, variability of the position and strength of the circumpolar front associated with the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is thought to be responsible for the changes in water mass and biogeochemical dynamics, and hence CO 2 fluxes (Lenton and Matear, 2007;Lovenduski et al, 2007;Dufour et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the El-Nin˜o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been shown to influence the interannual variability of surface pCO 2 in the tropical Pacific . When averaged over periods longer than a few decades, the North Atlantic surface ocean pCO 2 has been shown to predominantly follow the evolution of atmospheric CO 2 (McKinley et al, 2011;Tjiputra et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term surface pCO2 trends from observations and models

Tjiputra

Olsen

Bopp

et al. 2014

Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology

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A B S T R A C T We estimate regional long-term surface ocean pCO 2 growth rates using all available underway and bottled biogeochemistry data collected over the past four decades. These observed regional trends are compared with those simulated by five state-of-the-art Earth system models over the historical period. Oceanic pCO 2 growth rates faster than the atmospheric growth rates indicate decreasing atmospheric CO 2 uptake, while ocean pCO 2 growth rates slower than the atmospheric growth rates indicate increasing atmospheric CO 2 uptake. Aside from the western subpolar North Pacific and the subtropical North Atlantic, our analysis indicates that the current observation-based basin-scale trends may be underestimated, indicating that more observations are needed to determine the trends in these regions. Encouragingly, good agreement between the simulated and observed pCO 2 trends is found when the simulated fields are subsampled with the observational coverage. In agreement with observations, we see that the simulated pCO 2 trends are primarily associated with the increase in surface dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) associated with atmospheric carbon uptake, and in part by warming of the sea surface. Under the RCP8.5 future scenario, DIC continues to be the dominant driver of pCO 2 trends, with little change in the relative contribution of SST. However, the changes in the hydrological cycle play an increasingly important role. For the contemporary (1970Á2011) period, the simulated regional pCO 2 trends are lower than the atmospheric growth rate over 90% of the ocean. However, by year 2100 more than 40% of the surface ocean area has a higher oceanic pCO 2 trend than the atmosphere, implying a reduction in the atmospheric CO 2 uptake rate. The fastest pCO 2 growth rates are projected for the subpolar North Atlantic, while the high-latitude Southern Ocean and eastern equatorial Pacific have the weakest growth rates, remaining below the atmospheric pCO 2 growth rate. Our work also highlights the importance and need for a sustained long-term observing strategy to continue monitoring the change in the ocean anthropogenic CO 2 sink and to better understand the potential carbon cycle feedbacks to climate that could arise from it.

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“…SOCAT data products are used for model-to-data comparison, model evaluation and data assimilation in coupled and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Model-to-data comparisons of surface water f CO 2 have been carried out for seasonal (Tjiputra et al, 2012;Arruda et al, 2015) to multi-year timescales McKinley et al, 2016). In several studies, model data are subsampled to surface ocean pCO 2 observations from SOCAT Tjiputra et al, 2014;Turi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Scientific Applications Of Socatmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-decade record of high-quality fCO2 data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT)

Bakker

Pfeil

Landa

et al. 2016

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

5,801

394

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A new feature is the data set quality control (QC) flag of E for data from alternative sensors and platforms. The accuracy of surface water f CO 2 has been defined for all data set QC flags. Automated range checking has been carried out for all data sets during their upload into SOCAT. The upgrade of the interactive Data Set Viewer (previously known as the Cruise Data Viewer) allows better interrogation of the SOCAT data collection and rapid creation of high-quality figures for scientific presentations. Automated data upload has been launched for version 4 and will enable more frequent SOCAT releases in the future. Highprofile scientific applications of SOCAT include quantification of the ocean sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide and its long-term variation, detection of ocean acidification, as well as evaluation of coupled-climate and ocean-only biogeochemical models. Users of SOCAT data products are urged to acknowledge the contribution of data providers, as stated in the SOCAT Fair Data Use Statement. This ESSD (Earth System Science Data) "living data" publication documents the methods and data sets used for the assembly of this new version of the SOCAT data collection and compares these with those used for earlier versions of the data collection Sabine et al., 2013;Bakker et al., 2014). Individual data set files, included in the synthesis product, can be downloaded here: doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.849770. The gridded products are available here:

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A model study of the seasonal and long–term North Atlantic surface <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> variability

Cited by 33 publications

References 58 publications

The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges

The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges

Long-term surface pCO<sub>2</sub> trends from observations and models

A multi-decade record of high-quality <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)

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A model study of the seasonal and long–term North Atlantic surface &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; variability

Cited by 33 publications

References 58 publications

The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges

The ocean carbon sink – impacts, vulnerabilities and challenges

Long-term surface pCO<sub>2</sub> trends from observations and models

A multi-decade record of high-quality &lt;i&gt;f&lt;/i&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Atlas (SOCAT)

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A model study of the seasonal and long–term North Atlantic surface <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> variability

A multi-decade record of high-quality <i>f</i>CO<sub>2</sub> data in version 3 of the Surface Ocean CO<sub>2</sub> Atlas (SOCAT)