A model of surface renewal with application to the coating of pharmaceutical tablets in rotary drums

In situ, near real-time acquisition of particle motion in rotating pan coating equipment using imaging techniques

“…Similar measurements in fluidized beds were on 1 mm non-pareils by Cheng and Turton (2000) and on tablets by Shelukar et al (2000). Computer simulations for spherical particles using discrete element method (DEM) have also been used to study the movement of tablets in a rotating drum (Yamane et al, 1995(Yamane et al, , 1998Denis et al, 2003).…”

Modeling weight variability in a pan coating process using Monte Carlo simulations

“…For example, the tablet velocity has been shown to be a function of pan radius (R), pan speed (ω), particle diameter (d p ), and pan loading, as expressed in Equation 6. 8 The pan loading was quantified by using fractional fill volume (υ), defined as the ratio of the volume of the bed to the total pan volume, shown in Equation 7. Two levels (υ = 0.10 and υ = 0.17) were used, covering the range of typical pan loadings used in the coating industry.…”

“…Modeling of a pan coating system can be done in several ways and at different levels. 4 The different approaches include theoretical models such as the continuum model proposed by Khakhar et al (1997), 5 renewal theory models (Mann), 6 population balance models (Denis et al), 7 discrete element modeling (DEM), 8,9 and Monte Carlo simulations. A more detailed discussion of these different approaches is provided by Pandey et al 1 The theoretical models help to describe the movement of particles inside the rotating drum and can be useful for mixing studies.…”

Modeling of Pan Coating Processes: Prediction of Tablet Content Uniformity and Determination of Critical Process Parameters

“…Recently, Denis et al 3 also developed a two-zone model for the pan coating process. In their model, the particles were divided into two zones as Sherony proposed.…”