A model of mechanical interactions between heart and lungs

Abstract

To study the mechanical interactions between heart, lungs and thorax, we propose a mathematical model combining a ventilatory neuromuscular model and a model of the cardiovascular system, as described by Smith et al. 1022616701863)); using a Liénard oscillator, it allows the activity of the respiratory centres, the respiratory muscles and rib cage internal mechanics to be simulated. The minimal haemodynamic system model of Smith includes the heart, as well as the pulmonary and systemic circulation systems. These two modules interact mechanically by means of the pleural pressure, calculated in the mechanical respiratory system, and the intrathoracic blood volume, calculated in the cardiovascular model. The simulation by the proposed model provides results, first, close to experimental data, second, in agreement with the literature results and, finally, highlighting the presence of mechanical cardiorespiratory interactions.

From biological and clinical experiments to mathematical models

“…Another such example is provided by 'A model of mechanical interactions between heart and lungs' by Fontecave Jallon et al (2009). This article introduces time dependence in the systems model of Guyton et al (1972).…”

“…It comes at the interface of signal processing, informatics and dynamical systems. As in Fontecave Jallon et al (2009), a time dependence is added to the Guyton model. The library is capable of solving coupled models developed under different dynamical systems types (discrete versus continuous or impulsional) with different time scales.…”

Recent advances in theoretical models of respiratory mechanics

“…a The respiratory system and blood circulation system, in which the arrows and circles show the position concerned with the corresponding model (RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle); b A macroscopic model that merely considers the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of a mobile human body in a chamber; c A typical inflation P-V curve in a patient with ARDS, including the parameters in a sigmoidal model [10]; d A generated 1D centerline airway tree containing the 3D CT-resolved upper airway, central airway tree, and central airway skeleton [20]; e A two-compartment lumped parameter model, in which the spring and dashpot represent the static elasticity and the resistance, and a module comprising a dashpot and a spring reflect the tissue viscoelasticity [14]; f A model showing the process of oxygen uptake of blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries [29]; g A lung-heart coupling model that includes gas exchange between alveolar gas and blood, as well as blood gas transport [40] the heart was thus investigated [41,42]. One recent study combined a ventilatory neuromuscular model and a cardiovascular model [43]. The authors used an oscillator to simulate the activities of the respiratory system and rib cage mechanics, inputting the change in pleural pressure produced by the respiratory process into the cardiovascular circulation, and inputting the blood volume in the pulmonary artery and vein produced by the heart output into a gas-blood exchange model.…”

Mathematical Modeling of Respiratory System Mechanics in the Newborn Lamb

“…Previous studies have proposed simplified mechanical models of the respiratory system, including the rib cage and the abdominal compartments [4] and mathematical models of the central respiratory oscillator [10] [39] [40] to represent respiratory muscle activity. Such a description is very useful to study the effects of respiratory rate variations, but the oscillator parameters do not explicitly describe the respiratory signal morphology and thus, reproduction of real respiratory waveforms cannot be performed with this approach.…”