A Model for the Assessment of Different Net-Metering Policies

Christoforidis, Georgios C.; Panapakidis, Ioannis P.; Papadopoulos, Theofilos A.; Papagiannis, Grigoris K.; Koumparou, Ioannis; Hadjipanayi, Maria; Georghiou, George E.

doi:10.3390/en9040262

Cited by 54 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, the electricity sales price is 10.9 cent €/kWh for all of the lifetime of the project for 1 kW and 2 kW plants with w self,c = 0, while it is 9.8 cent €/kWh for all of the lifetime of the project for 4 kW, 5 kW, and 6 kW plants with w self,c = 0. The role of Net-Metering policies in PV markets is explored by [32]. The rate of self-consumption represents the amount of self generated electricity that is consumed locally [24].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Economic Feasibility of Residential Energy Storage Combined with PV Panels: The Role of Subsidies in Italy

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A solar photovoltaic system produces electricity by converting energy from the sun. By the end of 2016, the global installed solar photovoltaic capacity reached 305 GW. Its growth is impressive in the last years; in fact, it was only equal to 41 GW in 2010. However, Europe has installed only 6.9 GW in 2016 (−1.7 GW in comparison to previous year) and this annual power installed is equal to 9% of global one in according to data released by Solar Power Europe. The profitability of PV systems in mature markets depends on the harmonization between demanded energy and produced one residential energy storage when combined with photovoltaic panels is able to increase the share of self-consumption. This work proposes a mathematical model, in which a Discounted Cash Flow analysis is conducted to evaluate the financial feasibility of photovoltaic-integrated lead acid battery systems in Italy. The indicator used is Net Present Value. Furthermore, a break-even point analysis, in terms of an increase of self-consumption, is conducted. The residential sector is investigated and energy storage system investment is incentivized by fiscal deduction and regional subsidies. The analysis provides several case studies, determined by combinations of the following variables: photovoltaic plant size, battery capacity, the increase of the share of self-consumption, and the useful lifetime of energy storage system. The same case studies are proposed also in four alternative scenarios, where is the modified the structure of subsidies. Results confirm that the profitability can be reached in presence of subsidies.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Economic Feasibility of Residential Energy Storage Combined with PV Panels: The Role of Subsidies in Italy

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The three self-consumption methods studied in this work are off-grid PV + Diesel systems, off-grid PV + Diesel + Batteries systems, and grid-connected PV-only systems under the net-metering policy [31]. The NPC and LCOE are used to determine the profitability of the different systems studied.…”

Section: Self-consumption Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Photovoltaic Self-Consumption Systems

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Components and installation prices could make the self-consumption of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems competitive. In this paper, we explore different self-consumption options, off-grid PV systems (with back-up generator and/or batteries), and grid-connected PV systems under net-metering policies. The calculation of the net present cost (NPC) reveals that the grid-connected PV-only case (for the net-metering scheme) is the most attractive from the technical and financial points of view, with a levelised cost of energy less than 0.1 €/kWh. Off-grid PV + Diesel + Batteries has a higher cost, around two or three times the grid-connected PV-only under net metering. Additionally, the off-grid PV + Diesel is less attractive from a financial point of view, which has a cost of around 10 times the PV-only under net metering. In addition, the values of life cycle CO 2 emissions in each of the cases studied have been compared, and we have concluded that although the off-grid PV + Diesel + Batteries system presents lower CO 2 emissions than the PV-only system, the existence of batteries does not allow one to affirm that the PV + Diesel + Batteries system is the best from an environmental point of view.

show abstract

“…Moreover, the scenario considers an increase in self-consumption, which becomes a viable approach enforced by the situation of reaching or approaching the grid parity price in many European countries (e.g., already reached in countries like Cyprus and Greece), thus meaning collecting FiT or GC becomes less profitable. Therefore, sizing the generation units becomes a techno-economic problem, since the profitability and internal rate of return are decisive for choosing a solution [27].…”

Section: Resilient Architecture For Advanced Prosumersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The one we propose has an additional feature, called "resilience behind the meter" and labelled UniRCon, presented in Figure 3 and detailed below. choosing a solution [27].…”

Section: Resilient Architecture For Advanced Prosumersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resilient Prosumer Scenario in a Changing Regulatory Environment—The UniRCon Solution

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Technological developments are pushing for new solutions based upon massive integration of renewable electricity generation in networks already facing many challenges. This paper presents a novel approach to managing the energy transfer towards prosumers making use of smart management of local energy storage. The proposed design (including storage dimensioning) is based on several operating scenarios in which the prosumer might operate as: (i) a "load only" entity (from a grid perspective), thus exhibiting investment resiliency against regulatory changes and high energy efficiency; or (ii) a prosumer, in case regulatory opportunistic profit might be available. This can be realized within a newly proposed Uni-directional Resilient Consumer (UniRCon) architecture. The major aim of the proposed architecture is to achieve optimal self-consumption while avoiding curtailment even in a changing regulatory environment like, for example, the total lack of incentives for generation based on renewable energy sources (RES). One of the major advantages of the proposed architecture consists in the adaptability to changes in the regulatory and market environment. The term resilience is used with multiple meanings: (a) the prosumer's financial resilience against regulatory changes when investment calculations assume no-grid injections; (b) the prosumer's technical resilience, with electrical design based on standalone operation; (c) the resilience of clusters of interconnected end-user installations with enabled community-level electricity exchange, independent of the existing main grid supply; (d) the contribution to grid resilience, by enabling AC microgrid (MG) operation in island mode when large portions of the grid are formed by clusters of UniRCon prosumers (the ease of islanding segmentation of the local grid in case of emergencies). For proof of concept, three use-cases are detailed: (i) photovoltaic (PV) installations connected behind the meter; (ii) PV and storage available and controllable behind the meter; and (iii) the UniRCon architecture. The three use-cases are then compared and assessed for four near-future timelines as starting points for the investment. Numerical simulations show the attractiveness of the UniRCon solution in what concerns both system operation costs and supply resilience. Savings are expressed as opportunity savings arising from difference in tariffs while charging and discharging the storage unit and due to the avoidance of curtailment, as well as special taxes for the connection of PV (depending on regulatory environment). An extension of the UniRCon concept is presented also at community scale, with neighbourhood energy exchange inside a resilient cluster.

show abstract

A Model for the Assessment of Different Net-Metering Policies

Cited by 54 publications

References 19 publications

The Economic Feasibility of Residential Energy Storage Combined with PV Panels: The Role of Subsidies in Italy

The Economic Feasibility of Residential Energy Storage Combined with PV Panels: The Role of Subsidies in Italy

Analysis of Photovoltaic Self-Consumption Systems

Resilient Prosumer Scenario in a Changing Regulatory Environment—The UniRCon Solution

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About