A model for temporal references and its application in a question answering program

Bruce, Bertram C.

doi:10.1016/0004-3702(72)90040-9

Cited by 98 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…CHRONOS [5] is an example of a system designed to answer questions involving time, given information extracted from natural language input. From our perspective, the most interesting aspect of this work is its recognition of the importance of reasoning about incompletely specified knowledge.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using temporal hierarchies to efficiently maintain large temporal databases

Dean

1989

J. ACM

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Abstract. Many real-world applications involve the management of large amounts of time-dependent information. Temporal database systems maintain this information in order to support various sorts of inference (e.g., answering questions involving propositions that are true over some intervals and false over others). For any given proposition, there are typically many different occasions on which that proposition becomes true and persists for some length of time. In this paper, these occasions are referred to as time tokens. Many routine database operations must search through the database for time tokens satisfying certain temporal constraints. To expedite these operations, this paper describes a set of techniques for organizing temporal information by exploiting the local and global structure inherent in a wide class of temporal reasoning problems. The global structure of time is exemplified in conventions for partitioning time according to the calendar and the clock. This global structure is used to partition the set of time tokens to facilitate retrieval. The local structure of time;is exemplified in the causal relationships between events and the dependencies between planned activities. This local structure is used as part of a strategy for reducing the computation required during constraint propagation. The organizational techniques described in this paper are quite general, and have been used to support a variety of powerful inference mechanisms. Integrating these techniques into an existing temporal database system has increased, by an order of magnitude or more in most applications, the number of time tokens that can be efficiently handled.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using temporal hierarchies to efficiently maintain large temporal databases

Dean

1989

J. ACM

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“…It allows activities and important relations between them to be represented in a nontemporal fashion. It does not support the complete specification of a process 3 . IDEF3 provides a mechanism for collecting and documenting processes, by capturing precedence and causality relations between situations and events.…”

Section: Icam Definition Methods (Idef)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many theories, [3], [22] and [23], are based on points as the basic primitive element. In these theories, intervals are defined in terms of points, usually by means of beginning and ending points.…”

Section: H Temporal Logic Based Models/systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontology Mapping of Business Process Modeling Based on Formal Temporal Logic

Chishti¹,

Ma²,

Knight³

2014

ijacsa

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Abstract-A business process is the combination of a set of activities with logical order and dependence, whose objective is to produce a desired goal. Business process modeling (BPM) using knowledge of the available process modeling techniques enables a common understanding and analysis of a business process. Industry and academics use informal and formal techniques respectively to represent business processes (BP), having the main objective to support an organization. Despite both are aiming at BPM, the techniques used are quite different in their semantics. While carrying out literature research, it has been found that there is no general representation of business process modeling is available that is expressive than the commercial modeling tools and techniques. Therefore, it is primarily conceived to provide an ontology mapping of modeling terms of Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN), Unified Modeling Language (UML) Activity Diagrams (AD) and Event Driven Process Chains (EPC) to temporal logic. Being a formal system, first order logic assists in thorough understanding of process modeling and its application. However, our contribution is to devise a versatile conceptual categorization of modeling terms/constructs and also formalizing them, based on well accepted business notions, such as action, event, process, connector and flow. It is demonstrated that the new categorization of modeling terms mapped to formal temporal logic, provides the expressive power to subsume business process modeling techniques i.e. BPMN, UML AD and EPC.

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“…But we still want to have annotation relations with a clear semantics, that we could link to Allen's algebra to infer and compare information about temporal situations. Here we have chosen relations similar to that of [4] (as in [9]), who inspired Allen; these relations are equivalent to certain sets of Allen relations, as shown in Table 1. We thought they were rather intuitive, seem to have an appropriate level of granularity, and since three of them are enough to describe situations (the other 3 being the converse relations), they are not to hard to use by naive annotators.…”

Section: Separating the Inference Model From The Annotation Schemementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then we saturate the graph of constraints and we compare with the human annotation. This strategy has poor results except for the coherence on Allen relations, which is very high maybe because random unrelated annotations do not produce a lot of coherent additional information and re-expressed as Allen relations they result in very disjunctive information (thus trivially coherent) 4 . The second one is a baseline using a similar strategy but assuming every event is in the order it has in the text (so instead of having a random relation between consecutive events, we always generate "before").…”

Section: Comparing Theories Of Temporal Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Inference for Evaluating Models of Temporal Discourse

Muller

12th International Symposium on Temporal Representation and Reasoning (TIME'05)

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A model for temporal references and its application in a question answering program

Cited by 98 publications

References 2 publications

Using temporal hierarchies to efficiently maintain large temporal databases

Using temporal hierarchies to efficiently maintain large temporal databases

Ontology Mapping of Business Process Modeling Based on Formal Temporal Logic

Using Inference for Evaluating Models of Temporal Discourse

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