A model for switching impulse leader inception and breakdown of long air-gaps

Rizk, F.A.M.

doi:10.1109/61.19251

Cited by 178 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The corresponding simplified process of UL development is shown in Figure 4 where l is the length of the UL, ls is the length from streamer head to the starting point of the UL, U1 is the background potential and U2 is the distorted potential considering the corona area charge. When the DL develops in the ith step, the potential of the UL head is Utip, which can be calculated as [25]:…”

Section: Numerical Calculation Of the Striking Distance Of The Blade mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electro-Geometric Model for Lightning Shielding of Multiple Wind Turbines

et al. 2017

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Wind turbine blades being struck by lightning is one of the most urgent problems facing wind farms. In order to reduce the probability of lightning accidents on wind farms, this paper presents a new electro-geometric model for multiple turbines. In this new model, based on the physical model of lightning leader development, the striking distance range of the blade tip receptor is calculated, taking into account the influence of the charged particles around the blade. Lightning shielding amongst multiple turbines is provided in combination with the traditional electro-geometric model, and a criterion formula is obtained for mutual shielding for multiple turbines. The influence of environmental factors, such as temperature, atmospheric pressure, air humidity, and altitude, on lightning shielding on large-scale wind farms is also analyzed by studying the lightning shielding distance between wind turbines. The calculation shows that the larger the relative air density and the absolute humidity, and the lower the altitude, and the larger the lightning shielding distance between wind turbines. The method proposed in this paper provides a theoretical basis for the lightning protection on wind farms under different environmental conditions.

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Section: Numerical Calculation Of the Striking Distance Of The Blade mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Electro-Geometric Model for Lightning Shielding of Multiple Wind Turbines

et al. 2017

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“…Both leaders are modeled by line charges and are assumed to approach with a relative velocity ratio equal to four immediately after the upward leader initiation and equal to one close to interception. Later, Rizk [67,69] presented a similar leader propagation model than Dellera and Garbagnati, but based on his own leader inception model [70]. The propagation of the upward leader is simulated by considering a unitary velocity ratio and the vector velocity directed towards the tip of the unperturbed downward leader.…”

Section: Towards a Better Physical Understanding Of The Attachment Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, the major improvements suggested by the CIGRE WG 33.01.03 for the further development of the leader propagation models are related to [72]: a. The physical evaluation of the inception of upward leaders: the calculation of the conditions required to initiate upward connecting leaders from grounded structures have been done based on leader inception methods derived for long air sparks [64,70]. However, there are doubts about the validity of these criteria when applied to evaluate the conditions of upward leader inception under natural lightning [73].…”

Section: The Context Of This Thesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The critical radius concept introduced by Carrara and Thione [64] and the generalized leader inception model of Rizk [70] are the main leader inception models proposed for laboratory long sparks.…”

Section: Existing Leader Inception Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This condition takes place when impulse voltages with critical rise time of about 500 μs are applied. As a result, a generalized equation to compute the voltage required to incept a continuous propagating leader from any configuration was proposed in [70]. An attempt to extend the generalized leader inception model of Rizk to other geometries is reported in [92].…”

Section: Existing Leader Inception Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Attachment of lightning flashes to grounded structures

Becerra¹

2010

Lightning Protection

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A leader‐return‐stroke consistent macroscopic model for calculations of return stroke current and its optical and electromagnetic emissions

Cai

Chen

et al. 2017

JGR Atmospheres

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A downward lightning flash usually starts with a downward leader and an upward connecting leader followed by an upward return stroke. It is the preceding leader that governs the following return stroke property. Besides, the return stroke property evolves with height and time. These two aspects, however, are not well addressed in most existing return stroke models. In this paper, we present a leader‐return stroke consistent model based on the time domain electric field integral equation, which is a growth and modification of Kumar's macroscopic model. The model is further extended to simulate the optical and electromagnetic emissions of a return stroke by introducing a set of equations relating the return stroke current and conductance to the optical and electromagnetic emissions. With a presumed leader initiation potential, the model can then simulate the temporal and spatial evolution of the current, charge transfer, channel size, and conductance of the return stroke, furthermore the optical and electromagnetic emissions. The model is tested with different leader initiation potentials ranging from −10 to −140 MV, resulting in different return stroke current peaks ranging from 2.6 to 209 kA with different return stroke speed peaks ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 speed of light and different optical power peaks ranging from 4.76 to 248 MW/m. The larger of the leader initiation potential, the larger of the return stroke current and speed. Both the return stroke current and speed attenuate exponentially as it propagates upward. All these results are qualitatively consistent with those reported in the literature.

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A model for switching impulse leader inception and breakdown of long air-gaps

Cited by 178 publications

References 6 publications

An Electro-Geometric Model for Lightning Shielding of Multiple Wind Turbines

An Electro-Geometric Model for Lightning Shielding of Multiple Wind Turbines

Attachment of lightning flashes to grounded structures

A leader‐return‐stroke consistent macroscopic model for calculations of return stroke current and its optical and electromagnetic emissions

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