Attachment of lightning flashes to grounded structures

Becerra, Marley

doi:10.1049/pbpo058e_ch4

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…It is thought, based on observations (e.g., Berger, ), that the peak current in first strokes is related to the return stroke charge transfer, which, in turn, can be related to the electric potential via conceptual models of lightning (Cooray, ; Cooray & Rakov, ; Cooray et al, ). This approach yields semiempirical relationships between the first‐stroke peak current I p and the potential ϕ c of the cloud charge region from which lightning is initiated.…”

Section: A Theoretical Model To Simulate Peak Current Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those relationships are usually given by power law expressions. In particular, Cooray and Rakov () and Cooray () obtained the following equation:

I_{normalp} = B \cdot ϕ_{normalc}^{α},

where B and α are constants, which are different in the two aforementioned articles owing to the slightly different approaches to fitting the data. A similar power law equation can be obtained for the relationship between the return stroke peak current and leader potential using experimental data and a model of lightning channel (Bazelyan et al, , Chapter 4).…”

Section: A Theoretical Model To Simulate Peak Current Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Distributions of Lightning Peak Currents: Why Do They Appear to Be Lognormal?

et al. 2018

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The statistical distribution of peak currents in cloud‐to‐ground lightning strokes is analyzed and discussed both in the context of the existing experimental data and from a theoretical viewpoint. The distributions of peak currents directly measured at instrumented towers are compared to those of peak currents reported by the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network and peak currents measured in rocket‐triggered lightning experiments; all those appear to be lognormal. To explain the observed peak current distributions, a simple model based on the large‐scale electric field evolution prior to lightning flashes is developed. Based only on the most general assumptions concerning the probability of occurrence of lightning discharge, it is shown that the distribution of the pre‐first‐stroke large‐scale electric field is close to lognormal in a certain range. With the introduction of structure factors relating the leader or cloud electric potential to this field, semiempirical relationships between the potential and the peak current in negative first and subsequent strokes imply that the peak current and pre‐first‐stroke large‐scale electric field obey distributions of the same type. It is demonstrated that with a suitable choice of parameters, the model‐predicted distributions are close to those obtained from direct measurements, and statistical tests show that their agreement with the data is at least as good as that seen for lognormal approximations.

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Section: A Theoretical Model To Simulate Peak Current Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Those relationships are usually given by power law expressions. In particular, Cooray and Rakov () and Cooray () obtained the following equation:

I_{normalp} = B \cdot ϕ_{normalc}^{α},

Section: A Theoretical Model To Simulate Peak Current Distributionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical Distributions of Lightning Peak Currents: Why Do They Appear to Be Lognormal?

et al. 2018

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“…A macroscopic physical model for self-initiated upward leaders from tall grounded objects has been proposed. In comparison with other models, such as the SILM (Becerra and Cooray, 2006;Gallimberti et al, 2002;Cooray and Becerra, 2010), the main points of the present model can be summarized as following:…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Becerra and Cooray (2006a) have recently made a general review of the leader inception models and introduced a self-consistent leader inception and propagation model (SLIM). They have also proposed two simplified models for either static or dynamic leader inception and propagation (Cooray and Becerra, 2010). They proposed a stable leader initiation criterion that if the incremental corona charge keeps exceeding a critical value (Qcrit = 1 µC), it is considered that a leader starts to propagate with the corona streamer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A macroscopic physical model for self-initiated upward leaders from tall grounded objects and its application

Chan

Chen

2018

Atmospheric Research

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This paper presents a macroscopic physical model that can simulate an upward leader initiated from a tall grounded object under thunderclouds. Based on a tri-layer leader channel structure and the energy conservation law, a new equation for estimating the upward leader propagation speed is proposed. Equations for modeling other physical parameters, such as the leader line charge density, leader core radius, leader corona sheath radius, leader current, leader electric field and leader conductance, are also proposed.Besides, a set of initiation and survival criteria for a steady self-initiated upward leader from a tall grounded object is suggested. Based on the suggested criteria and the proposed model, the critical corona and charge amount as well as the minimum height for successful initiation of an upward positive leader (UPL) from a tall grounded object are evaluated and discussed. The model is then used to investigate the general properties of UPLs self-initiated from tall grounded objects with and without the effect of corona space charge layer near the ground under different thunderstorm conditions. The modelling results can well explain the leader properties observed in literature. The model is further tested with two set of experiment data and very promising results are obtained.

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“…Protection against lightning has always been a subject of researches because of several damages caused by this phenomenon (Hajebi et al , 2016; Piantini and Janiszewski, 1994; Rakov et al , 2003; Zou et al , 2013). To ensure optimal protection, the electrogeometrical model was developed and adopted for the dimensioning of the protection (Cooray and Becerra, 2010; Haddad and Warne, 2007; Kuffel et al , 2000). However, this model can still be improved because it does not take into account several parameters such as the nature of the soil and the objects present on it (Centea, 2007; Dunand, 2003; Gary, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and approximation by simulation of the instantaneous breakdown voltage of lightning discharge in the presence of protection

Khelil

Bouazabia

Mikropoulos

2022

COMPEL

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Purpose The paper aims to estimate the instantaneous breakdown voltage of the lightning discharge from simulated figures in an energized rod-plane configuration protected by a lightning rod. The same configuration of electrodes has been the subject of experimental investigations for the measurement of the instantaneous breakdown voltage using oscillographic monitoring. This study validates the simulation model by making a comparison with experimentation and involves the role of the inception field of the upward discharge in the propagation of this last one. Design/methodology/approach The research methodology is based on the development of a fractal lightning protection model based on real physical conditions of the discharge propagation, such as the downward discharge and the upward one emanating from protection. The voltage drop and the randomness character of the lightning discharge are also taken into account. The electrical field is an important parameter in discharge development; it is considered in this work at each step of the discharge propagation by the finite element method. The instantaneous breakdown voltage is measured and estimated by both empirical equations and simulated figures of lightning discharge Findings The established model that allows estimating the instantaneous breakdown voltage from simulated discharges and empirical equations gives results in a good agreement with experimentation. The involvement of the upward discharge inception field emanating from the lightning rod in the evolution of electrical discharge is illustrated. Practical implications The work presented in this paper aims to develop a new fractal lightning protection model taking into consideration physical phenomena intervening in the development of the lightning discharge. Originality/value The originality of this work consists of the combination between fractals modelling of the electrical discharge and the protection against lightning, in addition, to use one of the characteristics of the electrical discharge, which is the instantaneous breakdown voltage, to prove the importance of the inception field emanating from the upward discharge in the propagation criterion of this last one.

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Attachment of lightning flashes to grounded structures

Cited by 16 publications

References 91 publications

Statistical Distributions of Lightning Peak Currents: Why Do They Appear to Be Lognormal?

Statistical Distributions of Lightning Peak Currents: Why Do They Appear to Be Lognormal?

A macroscopic physical model for self-initiated upward leaders from tall grounded objects and its application

Measurement and approximation by simulation of the instantaneous breakdown voltage of lightning discharge in the presence of protection

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