A model for government-community partnership in building sewage systems for urban areas: The experiences of the Orangi Pilot Project – Research and Training Institute (OPP-RTI), Karachi

Hasan, Arif

doi:10.2166/wst.2002.0181

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…The voluntary sector includes non-governmental organisations (NGOs), community based organisations (CBOs) and faith based organisations (FBOs) (Hasan, 1990(Hasan, , 2002Picciotto, 1995;Gaye and Diallo, 1997;Krishna, 2003;Tukahirwa & Mol, 2010;Schwartz & Sanga, 2010). Picciotto (1995) notes that for effective market operation, voluntary organisations are needed in countries where the market and the state are poised in relative to fill gaps in provision, restrain the state, point out excesses of market, and provide avenues for participation and cooperation.…”

Section: Voluntary Sector Utility Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing sanitary mixtures in East African cities

Letema¹

2012

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Section: Voluntary Sector Utility Provisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing sanitary mixtures in East African cities

Letema¹

2012

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“…Given the government's inability to provide adequate municipal services, community-based organizations have come forward to assist low-income households who are the most vulnerable and the least resourceful/ equipped. There are numerous examples of successful community-based water supply and sanitation schemes in Pakistan (Ahmed, 2009;Hasan, 2002). However, given the scope of infrastructure challenges, it is unlikely that community-based organizations can provide relief to most communities who would have to rely on government sponsored schemes.…”

Section: Infrastructure Deficitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization and Local Governance Challenges in Pakistan

Haider

Badami²

2010

Environment and Urbanization ASIA

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The state of municipal services and infrastructure has deteriorated in Pakistan over the years. With the rapid increase in urbanization in Pakistan the need for effective and efficient local governments is felt more now than ever. The checkered history of local government initiatives in the country has contributed to the poor state of municipal service delivery. The military regimes, in the past, used local governments to create a loyal cadre of politicians who the military later pitted against the democratic forces. With the return of civilian democratic rule in Pakistan, the local governments were often abolished because these institutions were viewed as part and parcel of the military dictatorships. The tug-of-war between the democratic governments and military regimes has left Pakistan with an inadequate local government framework. The challenge for the democratic forces in Pakistan is to realize the importance of local governments and there-fore to take steps to offer them constitutional cover. Failing to do so may lead to further deterioration of urban and rural environments.

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“…A few studies have investigated engagement between the state and informal settlements (Opel, 2000;Sethuraman, 1981). The sprawling informal settlements of Dhaka, Karachi, and Mumbai (home to the largest of the region's slums, Dharavi) face common challenges in accessing state services (Reza, 2003;Hasan, 2002;Islam, 2005). But each community's struggles for infrastructure and human development continue well beyond initial state engagement, as will be discussed later in this dissertation.…”

Section: Informality: Distinguishing Between the Informal Sector And Informal Settlementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Service Delivery To Informal Settlements In South Asia's Mega Cities: the Role Of State and Non-State Actors

Shaheen¹

2021

Preprint

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This interdisciplinary research project compares service delivery outcomes to informal settlements in South Asia’s largest urban centres: Dhaka, Karachi and Mumbai. These mega cities have been overwhelmed by increasing demands on limited service delivery capacity as growing clusters of informal settlements, home to significant numbers of informal sector workers, struggle to obtain basic services. In the absence of state supports, some informal settlements engage non‐state actors to obtain services. In order to compare service delivery outcomes through these actors, I used a layered, mixed methods approach guided by an interdisciplinary literature review and policy examination. I drew on semi‐ structured interviews as well as pairs of case studies to measure successful and unsuccessful service delivery outcomes in each of the three mega cities. Key findings are that chronic disconnections exists in all three countries, where upper tiers of the state persistently fail to create an enabling environment for lower tier state actors and municipal service delivery machinery. The cause of these disconnections is the persistent colonial impression on the bureaucracy, Neoliberal policies and the appropriation of public resources by organized crime and their backers, urban elites. Non‐state actors have facilitated service delivery to informal settlements, resulting in isolated success and improved levels of human development. However, the case studies demonstrate that the success of non‐state actors is attributed to support from lower tier state actors. A complex political economy of upper and lower tier actors, rooted in unresolved land ownership and elite interests is disabling the capabilities of lower tier state actors to extend services to the urban poor. The study informs our understanding of the role played by technical non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in facilitating representative community‐based organizations (CBOs) engagement of state service delivery providers. The study illustrates the differential attitudes between upper and lower tier state actors towards informal settlements. The study also separates the ‘development industry’ from grass root representatives of informal settlements. The study also affirms the ability of informal settlements to organize, mobilize and engage municipal service delivery providers. The study emphasizes the need to remove constraints that upper tiers of state and society place on informal settlements in order for equitable development and sustainable levels of service delivery to be realized

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A model for government-community partnership in building sewage systems for urban areas: The experiences of the Orangi Pilot Project – Research and Training Institute (OPP-RTI), Karachi

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Assessing sanitary mixtures in East African cities

Assessing sanitary mixtures in East African cities

Urbanization and Local Governance Challenges in Pakistan

Service Delivery To Informal Settlements In South Asia's Mega Cities: the Role Of State and Non-State Actors

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