A Model for Aligning Software Projects Requirements with Project Team Members Requirements

Hans, Robert T.

doi:10.5121/csit.2013.3613

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…24 25 PM, BAT, Japan Tobacco International (JTI) and Imperial Tobacco represented 80% of leaf company Universal Corporation's business in 200626 and 68% of Alliance One's in 2008 27. In 2010, BAT purchased 400 000 tons of tobacco through contracts with 250 000 farmers in developing countries through 100 BAT leaf suppliers, making BAT the world's third largest leaf company 28 29…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Philip Morris's tobacco supply chain in 199824 (left) and British American Tobacco's in 199625 (right). (IPR: Intellectual Property Rights; PBR: Plant Breeder's Rights.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modelled on a successful cost-cutting initiative in its Kraft Foods subsidiary, in 1991 PM created its ‘supply chain initiative’,30 31 which by 1996–1998 sought to ‘manage the complete (worldwide) leaf supply chain , focus on reasonable margins at all stages to ensure continuous leaf production, balanced market conditions and to avoid further dealer concentration (emphasis in original)’ 32. BAT launched supply chain activities in 1995 focused on reducing costs, increasing information access and increasing control over leaf purchases 25 33–39. In 1996 BAT concluded that its efforts reduced the supply chain cost 7% while increasing availability of BAT cigarettes worldwide 40…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social responsibility in tobacco production? Tobacco companies' use of green supply chains to obscure the real costs of tobacco farming

Otañez

Glantz

2011

Tob Control

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Background Tobacco companies have come under increased criticism because of environmental and labor practices related to growing tobacco in developing countries. Methods Analysis of tobacco industry documents, industry web sites and interviews with tobacco farmers in Tanzania and tobacco farm workers, farm authorities, trade unionists, government officials and corporate executives from global tobacco leaf companies in Malawi. Results British American Tobacco and Philip Morris created supply chains in the 1990s to improve production efficiency, control, access to markets, and profits. In the 2000s, the companies used their supply chains in an attempt to legitimize their portrayals of tobacco farming as socially and environmentally friendly, rather than take meaningful steps to eliminate child labor and reduce deforestation in developing countries. The tobacco companies used nominal self-evaluation (not truly independent evaluators) and public relations to create the impression of social responsibility. The companies benefit from $1.2 billion in unpaid labor costs due to child labor and more than $64 million annually in costs that would have been made to avoid tobacco related deforestation in the top twelve tobacco growing developing countries, far exceeding the money they spend nominally working to change these practices. Conclusions The tobacco industry uses green supply chains to make tobacco farming in developing countries appear sustainable while continuing to purchase leaf produced with child labor and high rates of deforestation. Strategies to counter green supply chain schemes include securing implementing protocols for the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control to regulate the companies’ practices at the farm level.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Philip Morris's tobacco supply chain in 199824 (left) and British American Tobacco's in 199625 (right). (IPR: Intellectual Property Rights; PBR: Plant Breeder's Rights.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social responsibility in tobacco production? Tobacco companies' use of green supply chains to obscure the real costs of tobacco farming

Otañez

Glantz

2011

Tob Control

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Un modelo para la solución de requerimientos no alineados: El caso del Software lúdico para la divulgación - A model for the solution of non-aligned requirements: The case of ludic Software for science communication

Pérez-González

Martínez-Garcia

Martínez-Pérez

et al. 2017

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Este artículo propone lineamientos metodológicos para ser aplicados en el proceso de requerimientos cuando estos se presentan como “No alineados”. Se considera que esta situación se da cuando los objetivos del propietario del software son distintos a los del usuario del mismo. Como caso de estudio se utiliza el desarrollo de software lúdico (también conocido como juegos digitales, videojuegos, o juegos serios) con fines de divulgación. Esto involucra generalmente un conjunto de stakeholders más heterogéneo que el del software convencional. Adicionalmente, si el software se utiliza con objetivos de divulgación de ciencia, tecnología o innovación se agrega la complicación de la presencia de objetivos no alineados ya que el usuario final puede ignorar el objetivo real del software que utilizará. Consecuentemente el análisis de requerimientos cobra una importancia crucial. La literatura presenta propuestas para adaptar el proceso completo de software con objetivos educativos, sin poner atención al proceso de requerimientos ni a los objetivos de divulgación. Esta propuesta puede ser extrapolada a cualquier proceso de Ingeniería de requerimientos de Software donde se involucren requerimientos no alineados.Abstract: This paper proposes methodological guidelines to be applied in the requirements engineering process when these requirements are presented as "not aligned". It is considered that this situation occurs when the software owner's objectives are different from those of its user. The software whose goal is the dissemination of science, technology and innovation, can have not aligned goals. In these cases, the end user can ignore the real purpose of the software to be used. Consequently the requirements analysis becomes crucial. The literature presents proposals to adapt the entire process of software for educational purposes, without paying attention to the process of requirements or science communication. This proposal can be extrapolated to any Software requirements engineering process where not aligned requirements are involved.Keywords: Collaborative Virtual Environments, Fictitious scenarios, Teamwork.

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A Model for Aligning Software Projects Requirements with Project Team Members Requirements

Cited by 2 publications

References 12 publications

Social responsibility in tobacco production? Tobacco companies' use of green supply chains to obscure the real costs of tobacco farming

Social responsibility in tobacco production? Tobacco companies' use of green supply chains to obscure the real costs of tobacco farming

Un modelo para la solución de requerimientos no alineados: El caso del Software lúdico para la divulgación - A model for the solution of non-aligned requirements: The case of ludic Software for science communication

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