A model describing the effect of sex-reversed YY fish in an established wild population: The use of a Trojan Y chromosome to cause extinction of an introduced exotic species

Gutiérrez, Juan B.; Teem, John L.

doi:10.1016/j.jtbi.2005.11.032

Cited by 114 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…Furthermore, sex-reversed males (ZZ females) are only capable of producing genetic male (ZZ) offspring, so the sex ratio in exposed populations would be skewed both by the production of atrazineinduced ZZ females as well as by the fact that ZZ females can only produce ZZ (genetically male) offspring. In fact, mathematical models suggest that this very mechanism (the production of sexreversed all male-producing animals) could drive populations to extinction (53). Additionally, it is not known whether the increased susceptibility in the ZZ females is heritable or whether the "resistance" apparently present in atrazine-exposed males that do not become females is heritable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis)

Hayes

Khoury

Narayan

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

513

307

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The herbicide atrazine is one of the most commonly applied pesticides in the world. As a result, atrazine is the most commonly detected pesticide contaminant of ground, surface, and drinking water. Atrazine is also a potent endocrine disruptor that is active at low, ecologically relevant concentrations. Previous studies showed that atrazine adversely affects amphibian larval development. The present study demonstrates the reproductive consequences of atrazine exposure in adult amphibians. Atrazineexposed males were both demasculinized (chemically castrated) and completely feminized as adults. Ten percent of the exposed genetic males developed into functional females that copulated with unexposed males and produced viable eggs. Atrazineexposed males suffered from depressed testosterone, decreased breeding gland size, demasculinized/feminized laryngeal development, suppressed mating behavior, reduced spermatogenesis, and decreased fertility. These data are consistent with effects of atrazine observed in other vertebrate classes. The present findings exemplify the role that atrazine and other endocrine-disrupting pesticides likely play in global amphibian declines.A trazine is one of the most widely used pesticides in the world. Approximately 80 million pounds are applied annually in the United States alone, and atrazine is the most common pesticide contaminant of ground and surface water (1). Atrazine can be transported more than 1,000 km from the point of application via rainfall and, as a result, contaminates otherwise pristine habitats, even in remote areas where it is not used (2, 3). In fact, more than a half million pounds of atrazine are precipitated in rainfall each year in the United States (2).In addition to its persistence, mobility, and widespread contamination of water, atrazine is also a concern because several studies have shown that atrazine is a potent endocrine disruptor active in the ppb (parts per billion) range in fish (4, 5), amphibians (6-12), reptiles, and human cell lines (5, 13-15), and at higher doses (ppm) in reptiles (16-18), birds (19), and laboratory rodents (20-28). Atrazine seems to be most potent in amphibians, where it is active at levels as low as 0.1 ppb (6-10). Although a few studies suggest that atrazine has no effect on amphibians under certain laboratory conditions (29,30), in other studies, atrazine reduces testicular volume; reduces germ cell and Sertoli cell numbers (11); induces hermaphroditism (6, 8, 10); reduces testosterone (10); and induces testicular oogenesis (7-9, 31). Furthermore, atrazine contamination is associated with demasculinization and feminization of amphibians in agricultural areas where atrazine is used (32) and directly correlated with atrazine contamination in the wild (7,9,33,34).Despite the wealth of data from larvae and newly metamorphosed amphibians, the ultimate impacts of atrazine's developmental effects on reproductive function and fitness at sexual maturity, which relate more closely to population level effects and amphibian declines, have b...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis)

Hayes

Khoury

Narayan

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

513

307

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“…Sexual abnormalities are also associated with atrazine contamination in free-ranging amphibians in the wild (Hayes et al, 2002b;Hayes et al, 2002c) and where animals are exposed in mesocosm studies (Langlois et al, 2009). Furthermore, recent studies have shown that atrazine can completely feminize exposed amphibians, resulting in genetic males that breed with other males and produce viable eggs, but with skewed sex ratios (100% male offspring), a scenario that has been proposed to drive species extinction (Gutierrez and Teem, 2006). In addition, atrazine-exposed males are incapable of competing for females, have feminized laryngeal structures, decreased breeding gland size, decreased mature sperm and very low fertility.…”

Section: Environmental Pollutants Affect Recruitmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cause of global amphibian declines: a developmental endocrinologist's perspective

Hayes

Falso

Gallipeau

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

367

235

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SummaryGreater than 70% of the world's amphibian species are in decline. We propose that there is probably not a single cause for global amphibian declines and present a three-tiered hierarchical approach that addresses interactions among and between ultimate and proximate factors that contribute to amphibian declines. There are two immediate (proximate) causes of amphibian declines: death and decreased recruitment (reproductive failure). Although much attention has focused on death, few studies have addressed factors that contribute to declines as a result of failed recruitment. Further, a great deal of attention has focused on the role of pathogens in inducing diseases that cause death, but we suggest that pathogen success is profoundly affected by four other ultimate factors: atmospheric change, environmental pollutants, habitat modification and invasive species. Environmental pollutants arise as likely important factors in amphibian declines because they have realized potential to affect recruitment. Further, many studies have documented immunosuppressive effects of pesticides, suggesting a role for environmental contaminants in increased pathogen virulence and disease rates. Increased attention to recruitment and ultimate factors that interact with pathogens is important in addressing this global crisis.

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“…The SRY gene on the Y chromosome determines the development of the testes, and hence maleness (see Wallis et al (2008)). The Y chromosome has very few genes in comparison with the X chromosome, but recent investigations have shown the importance of some Y-linked genes in populations of humans (see, for example, the web page www.nature.com/nature/focus/ychromosome/, Quintana-Murci and Fellous (2001), or Hughes et al (2005)) and other animals which have the XX/XY A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p t type of sex determination system (see, for example, Bernardo et al (2001), Gutiérrez and Teem (2006), or the review by Charlesworth et al (2005)). Moreover this chromosome has the particularity of being male-specific and haploid, and of having a region (the non-recombining region, NRY, being 95% of the chromosome in humans -see, for example, Krausz et al (2004) or Graves (2006)) which escapes recombination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bisexual branching processes to model extinction conditions for Y-linked genes

González

Martínez

Mota

2009

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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In a two-sex monogamic population, the evolution of the number of carriers of the two alleles of a Y-linked gene is considered. To this end, a multitype bisexual branching model is presented in which it is assumed that the gene has no influence on the mating process. It is deduced from this model that the average numbers of female and male descendants per mating unit constitute the key to determining the extinction or survival of each allele. Moreover, the destiny of each allele in the population is found not to depend on the behaviour of the other.

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A model describing the effect of sex-reversed YY fish in an established wild population: The use of a Trojan Y chromosome to cause extinction of an introduced exotic species

Cited by 114 publications

References 15 publications

Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis)

Atrazine induces complete feminization and chemical castration in male African clawed frogs (Xenopus laevis)

The cause of global amphibian declines: a developmental endocrinologist's perspective

Bisexual branching processes to model extinction conditions for Y-linked genes

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