A mm-Precise 60 GHz Transmitter in 40 nm CMOS for Discrete-Carrier Indoor Localization

Abstract

This paper presents a multicarrier 60GHz transmitter for distance measurement (ranging) in an indoor wireless localization system, achieving mm-precision with high update rate. The architecture comprises a baseband subcarrier generator, an upconverter, and a power amplifier. There are three key innovations, all stemming from careful hardware-algorithm co-design: 1. efficient frequency planning of the 6GHz-wide band; 2. power-efficient multicarrier signal generation by means of digital frequency divisions exploiting the phase-based time-of-arrival ranging algorithm; and 3. PAPR reduction to enable efficient operation of the power amplifier. By implementing these key techniques, 0.7-2.7mm precision is achieved over 5m measured distance with 5.4µs symbol duration. During operation, the core digital subcarrier generator generates 16 non-equidistant subcarriers from a 3GHz input clock, while consuming an average power of 1.8mW out of 0.9V supply. The upconverter and the power amplifier altogether consume around 127mW. The total area of the transmitter is 1.1mm2 . The chip is fabricated in a 40nm general purpose CMOS process.P. Indirayanti, T. Ayhan, M. Verhelst, W. Dehaene, and P. Reynaert are with the MICAS Division, Departement of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven,

A Millimeter-Wave CMOS Injection-Locked BPSK Transmitter in 65-nm CMOS

“…However, the drawback is the trade-off between gain and bandwidth. As we can see from the comparison table, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] demonstrates much larger bandwidths compared to our work. Although [6,7] demonstrates the fastest BPSK transmission, the power consumption is over 300 mw and the output power level is below 10 dBm, and the power consumption of the LO driver is much higher than this work, which operates with a LO level less than −3 dBm.…”

High-Capacity Dynamic Indoor Network Employing Optical-Wireless and 60-GHz Radio Techniques

“…In this mechanism, a TL serves a user at a specific wavelength during a specific time slot and another user at a Users must be localized (and tracked when they move) in order to adequately direct the optical beam and set up (and keep) the connection. The use of the already matured radio localization techniques [20][21][22] is foreseen for this purpose. As this topic is not within the scope of this paper, it will not be further discussed here.…”

“…Implemented with spectrally-efficient modulation formats, the 7-GHz unlicensed bandwidth in the 60-GHz region (57 -64 GHz) is well-suitable for high-capacity upstream per user (using beam forming techniques) [23] as well as accurate user localization [20]. A multi-beam phased-array antenna (PAA) providing distinctive tunable nulls in the radiation pattern can be employed at the PRAs to receive radio signals from multiple users distinctively.…”

“…Although the collimator has excellent efficiency, its reception angle is very limited (fieldof-view < 0.034 0 ), thus requiring careful alignment at the receiving end. In practical bidirectional communication systems, the position of the receiver is determined by radio or optical localization techniques [20,39,40]. The details of the beam characterization and the optics involved are given in [38].…”

Neural-Network-Based NLOS Identification of Angular Clusters at 60 GHz

“…Although many studies report on indoor [52][53][54] and outdoor [55][56][57][58] localization based on mm-waves, only a few works [59][60][61][62][63] are dealing with NLOS identification at mm-wave frequencies. To maintain a low-complexity system, the work in [59,60] uses a simple energy detector to mitigate NLOS components in TOA estimations.…”