A mixture of organic acids and thymol protects primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells from Clostridium perfringens infection in vitro

Ghiselli, Federico; Giovagnoni, Giulia; Felici, Martina; Tugnoli, Benedetta; Piva, Andrea; Grilli, Ester

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2022.102101

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Chicken intestinal epithelial cells ( cIEC ) have been recently developed and have already been used to understand the inflammatory response to microbial infections ( Ghiselli et al, 2021 , 2022 ). This study aimed to screen natural anticoccidial alternatives deriving form Allium sativum (garlic), Thymus vulgaris (thyme), Oregano heracleoticum (oregano), and Ocimum basilicum (basil) plants on MDBK cells and cIEC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the effects of essential oils and pure botanical compounds against Eimeria tenella in vitro

Felici

Tugnoli²,

Ghiselli³

et al. 2023

Poultry Science

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the effects of essential oils and pure botanical compounds against Eimeria tenella in vitro

Felici

Tugnoli²,

Ghiselli³

et al. 2023

Poultry Science

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“…Mixtures of organic acids can protect epithelial cells from bacterial-induced damages, indicating their beneficial effects and the potential to be considered a substitute to antibiotic treatment [10]. Employing natural antimicrobial strategies in aquaculture could enhance production sustainability and decrease antibiotic reliance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blends of Organic Acids Are Weaponizing the Host iNOS and Nitric Oxide to Reduce Infection of Piscirickettsia salmonis in vitro

Corcionivoschi,

Balta,

McCleery

et al. 2024

Antioxidants

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For the last 30 years, Piscirickettsia salmonis has caused major economic losses to the aquaculture industry as the aetiological agent for the piscirickettsiosis disease. Replacing the current interventions, based on antibiotics, with natural alternatives (e.g., organic acids) represents a priority. With this study, we aimed to better understand their biological mechanism of action in an in vitro model of infection with salmon epithelial cells (CHSE-214). Our first observation revealed that at the sub-inhibitory concentration of 0.5%, the organic acid blend (Aq) protected epithelial cell integrity and significantly reduced P. salmonis invasion. The MIC was established at 1% Aq and the MBC at 2% against P. salmonis. The sub-inhibitory concentration significantly increased the expression of the antimicrobial peptides Cath2 and Hepcidin1, and stimulated the activity of the innate immune effector iNOS. The increase in iNOS activity also led to higher levels of nitric oxide (NO) being released in the extracellular space. The exposure of P. salmonis to the endogenous NO caused an increase in bacterial lipid peroxidation levels, a damaging effect which can ultimately reduce the pathogen’s ability to attach or multiply intracellularly. We also demonstrate that the increased NO release by the host CHSE-214 cells is a consequence of direct exposure to Aq and is not dependent on P. salmonis infection. Additionally, the presence of Aq during P. salmonis infection of CHSE-214 cells significantly mitigated the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, IL-12, and IFNγ. Taken together, these results indicate that, unlike antibiotics, natural antimicrobials can weaponize the iNOS pathway and secreted nitric oxide to reduce infection and inflammation in a Piscirickettsia salmonis in vitro model of infection.

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“…Similarly, Liang et al (2014) reported that thymol may inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-β (IL-β) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells. In addition, thymol can accelerate the metabolism and renewal rate of intestinal villous epithelial cells, reducing the risk of pathogen invasion ( Ghiselli et al, 2022 ). Thymol may improve animal production performance by regulating the gut microbiota.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymol improves the growth performance of blue foxes by regulating the gut microbiota

Yuan,

Chen,

Sun

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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IntroductionThe drawbacks of using antibiotics as feed additives for blue foxes have gradually become apparent; moreover, thymol has wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity and has the potential to replace antibiotics in various animals. However, there are few reports on the effects of thymol on blue foxes.MethodsThis study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of thymol on the growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, serum biochemical indicators, intestinal morphology, and gut microbiota of blue foxes. Twenty-four male blue foxes (120 ± 5 d) of similar weight (6.05 ± 0.16 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups. 0, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg thymol were added to the basal diets of groups C, L, M, and H, respectively.ResultsCompared with those in the C group, the addition of 100 mg/kg thymol to the diet significantly increased organic matter (OM) digestibility, crude protein (CP) digestibility, immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgM, the VH of the duodenum, the CD of the jejunum, the VH of the ileum, and the VH/CD of the ileum (P < 0.05) and strongly significantly increased IgG (P < 0.01). The addition of 200 mg/kg thymol to the diet increased the VH/CD of the duodenum (P < 0.05). The addition of 300 mg/kg thymol to the diet significantly increased the VH and CD of the jejunum (P < 0.05). The addition of 200 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg thymol to the diets increased the final weight (FW) (P < 0.05). Adding 100 mg/kg thymol significantly increased the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and catalase (CAT) compared with those in the other groups (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA gene detection revealed that thymol can change the abundances of Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium, Allobaculum, Streptococcus, Megasphaera, and Lactobacillus in the gut.ConclusionThe addition of thymol to diets can increase the abundance of Bifidobacterium, Fusobacterium, and Allobaculum, which may contribute to improving the growth performance of blue foxes.

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A mixture of organic acids and thymol protects primary chicken intestinal epithelial cells from Clostridium perfringens infection in vitro

Cited by 5 publications

References 42 publications

Investigating the effects of essential oils and pure botanical compounds against Eimeria tenella in vitro

Investigating the effects of essential oils and pure botanical compounds against Eimeria tenella in vitro

Blends of Organic Acids Are Weaponizing the Host iNOS and Nitric Oxide to Reduce Infection of Piscirickettsia salmonis in vitro

Thymol improves the growth performance of blue foxes by regulating the gut microbiota

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