Investigating the effects of essential oils and pure botanical compounds against Eimeria tenella in vitro

Felici, Martina; Tugnoli, Benedetta; Ghiselli, Federico; Baldo, David; Ratti, Claudio; Piva, Andrea; Grilli, Ester

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2023.102898

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It shares the main chemical structure with diallyl-disulfide; however, allicin has a thiosulfinate group that makes the molecule very unstable and reactive [ 29 ]. A poorer anticoccidial performance of diallyl-disulfide compared to garlic oil was also observed in previous research on E. tenella invasion [ 23 ], concluding that thiosulfinates could be key effectors to drive the anticoccidial effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Previous research has explored the anticoccidial effects of thyme, oregano, and garlic essential oils, as well as their main bioactive molecules, both in vivo and in vitro, focusing primarily on the inhibition of sporozoite invasion [ 23 , 28 ]. Considering that parasite pathogenesis is related to intracellular stages, more extensive evaluation is required to comprehensively assess the impact of these novel compounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They recorded effective inhibition of invasion for oregano and garlic essential oils, in particular, at higher concentrations (100 ppm), whereas thyme had more consistent effects at lower concentrations [ 9 , 28 ]. Also, a previous study conducted on primary chicken enterocytes showed that 40 ppm of garlic, oregano, and thyme essential oils effectively reduced invasion at 24 hpi by around 45% [ 23 ]. In the first case, differences can be attributed to a different composition of the essential oils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the second, where the source of the essential oils was the same as that in the current study, the levels of inhibition were slightly lower in the chicken enterocytes compared to MDBK cells. This could be due to differences in the protocols of invasion, but also, since a better predisposition of E. tenella to chicken enterocytes has been observed, differences caused by treatments could be dampened [ 23 ]. In addition to the cell model used, the effect of these essential oils on invasion and development was clear in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All EOs in this study were analyzed at the same concentration (40 ppm), and the NIC were tested at 20 ppm. The choice of a single concentration was based on a previous study [ 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thyme, Oregano, and Garlic Essential Oils and Their Main Active Compounds Influence Eimeria tenella Intracellular Development

Felici,

Tugnoli,

De Hoest-Thompson

et al. 2023

Animals

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Coccidiosis poses a significant challenge in poultry production and is typically managed with ionophores and chemical anticoccidials. However, the emergence of drug resistance and limitations on their use have encouraged the exploration of alternative solutions, including botanical compounds and improvements in in vitro screening methods. Prior research focused only on the impact of these alternatives on Eimeria invasion, with intracellular development in cell cultures receiving limited attention. This study assessed the impact of thyme (Thymus vulgaris), oregano (Origanum vulgare), and garlic (Allium sativum) essential oils, as well as their bioactive compounds, on the initial phase of schizogony in Madin–Darby bovine kidney cells, comparing their effectiveness to two commercially used anticoccidial drugs. Using image analysis and quantitative PCR, the study confirmed the efficacy of commercial anticoccidials in reducing invasion and schizont formation, and it found that essential oils were equally effective. Notably, thymol and carvacrol exhibited mild inhibition of intracellular replication of the parasite but significantly reduced schizont numbers, implying a potential reduction in pathogenicity. In conclusion, this research highlights the promise of essential oils and their bioactive components as viable alternatives to traditional anticoccidial drugs for mitigating coccidiosis in poultry, particularly by disrupting the intracellular development of the parasites.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All EOs in this study were analyzed at the same concentration (40 ppm), and the NIC were tested at 20 ppm. The choice of a single concentration was based on a previous study [ 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Thyme, Oregano, and Garlic Essential Oils and Their Main Active Compounds Influence Eimeria tenella Intracellular Development

Felici,

Tugnoli,

De Hoest-Thompson

et al. 2023

Animals

Self Cite

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Effects of natural extract from medicinal herbs on broilers experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella

Jiang,

Zeng,

Chen

et al. 2024

Veterinary Parasitology

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Effects of Anticoccidial Vaccination and Taraxacum officinale Extract on the Growth Performance, Biochemical Parameters, Immunity, and Intestinal Morphology of Eimeria-Challenged Chickens

Arczewska-Włosek,

Świątkiewicz,

Tomaszewska

et al. 2023

Life

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A total of 160 Ross 308 male chickens were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design to examine the effects of anticoccidial vaccination (ACV; lack or 1× dose recommended by the manufacturer) and dietary supplementation with Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) extract (DE; with or without) on growth performance, immunity, biochemical parameters, and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens challenged with Eimeria spp. At 20 days of age, all birds were challenged with a 25× dose of ACV, including Eimeria acervulina, E. maxima, E. mitis, and E. tenella. No interaction between ACV and DE was observed in terms of growth performance. Vaccinated birds showed increased feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the 11–20 day period. Meanwhile, DE supplementation led to decreased FI and body weight gain (BWG) during the 1–10 day period. ACV effectively induced immunity against Eimeria, as evidenced by reduced oocyst shedding and less intestinal lesions, decreased levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin-6, and improved BWG during both the post infection (PI) period (21–35 days) and the entire growth period. DE supplementation lowered FCR and increased BWG during the 35–42 day period, increased the concentration of butyric acid in the cecal digesta, and lowered oocyst shedding PI. In vaccinated birds, DE elevated levels of plasma total protein and immunoglobulin M, and influenced tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-3, indicating a more robust epithelial barrier. DE also lowered alanine aminotransferase activity in unvaccinated birds. Both ACV and DE independently improved intestinal morphology in the jejunum, decreasing crypt depth and increasing the villus height-to-crypt ratio. These findings suggest that both ACV and DE could be effective strategies for managing coccidiosis in broiler chickens.

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Investigating the effects of essential oils and pure botanical compounds against Eimeria tenella in vitro

Cited by 3 publications

References 42 publications

Thyme, Oregano, and Garlic Essential Oils and Their Main Active Compounds Influence Eimeria tenella Intracellular Development

Thyme, Oregano, and Garlic Essential Oils and Their Main Active Compounds Influence Eimeria tenella Intracellular Development

Effects of natural extract from medicinal herbs on broilers experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella

Effects of Anticoccidial Vaccination and Taraxacum officinale Extract on the Growth Performance, Biochemical Parameters, Immunity, and Intestinal Morphology of Eimeria-Challenged Chickens

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