A Miniaturized Triple-Band Antenna Based on Square Split Ring for IoT Applications

Abdulzahra, Duaa H.; Alnahwi, Falih M.; Abdullah, Abdulkareem S.; Al‐Yasir, Yasir I. A.; Abd‐Alhameed, Raed A.

doi:10.3390/electronics11182818

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Finally, it proposes and validates the use of a phantom to simulate and facilitate human experimentation with antennas. A portable triple-band antenna was suggested for internet of things (IoT) devices in [53]. The radiating element had compact dimensions of 33 × 22 × 1.6 mm 3 and exhibited multiple resonance is shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Wearable Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antenna was equipped with a square splitring resonator (SRR) and half ring resonator, which enabled operations at 2.4, 3.7, and 5.8 GHz. The antenna was fabricated using a low-cost FR4 substrate and was suitable for A portable triple-band antenna was suggested for internet of things (IoT) devices in [53]. The radiating element had compact dimensions of 33 × 22 × 1.6 mm 3 and exhibited multiple resonance is shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Wearable Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compact Flexible Planar Antennas for Biomedical Applications: Insight into Materials and Systems Design

Venkatachalam,

Jagadeesan,

Ismail

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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Planar antennas have become an integral component in modern biomedical instruments owing to their compact structure, cost effectiveness, and light weight. These antennas are crucial in realizing medical systems such as body area networks, remote health monitoring, and microwave imaging systems. Antennas intended for the above applications should be conformal and fabricated using lightweight materials that are suitable for wear on the human body. Wearable antennas are intended to be placed on the human body to examine its health conditions. Hence, the performance of the antenna, such as its radiation characteristics across the operating frequency bands, should not be affected by human body proximity. This is achieved by selecting appropriate conformal materials whose characteristics remain stable under all environmental conditions. This paper aims to highlight the effects of human body proximity on wearable antenna performance. Additionally, this paper reviews the various types of flexible antennas proposed for biomedical applications. It describes the challenges in designing wearable antennas, the selection of a flexible material that is suitable for fabricating wearable antennas, and the relevant methods of fabrication. This paper also highlights the future directions in this rapidly growing field. Flexible antennas are the keystone for implementing next-generation wireless communication devices for health monitoring and health safety applications.

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Section: Wearable Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Wearable Antennamentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact Flexible Planar Antennas for Biomedical Applications: Insight into Materials and Systems Design

Venkatachalam,

Jagadeesan,

Ismail

et al. 2023

Bioengineering

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“…Yet, another dual-band solution is proposed in [ 15 ] for ISM/Wi-Fi/WLAN applications with a coplanar waveguide antenna working at the 2.45 GHz and 5.65 GHz bands with a total size of 23 × 23× 0.79 mm

. Triple-band solutions [ 17 , 18 ] have been also investigated. In [ 17 ], a conformal and electronically reconfigurable antenna is presented for portable devices covering the 2.45 GHz (ISM, Wi-Fi, and WLAN), 3.3/3.5/3.9 GHz (WiMAX), and 4.1/4.9 GHz (4G/5G) bands with the use of a modified triangular patch radiator, two open-ended stubs, and PIN diodes with a total size of 30 × 25× 0.254 mm

.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [ 17 ], a conformal and electronically reconfigurable antenna is presented for portable devices covering the 2.45 GHz (ISM, Wi-Fi, and WLAN), 3.3/3.5/3.9 GHz (WiMAX), and 4.1/4.9 GHz (4G/5G) bands with the use of a modified triangular patch radiator, two open-ended stubs, and PIN diodes with a total size of 30 × 25× 0.254 mm

. In addition, in [ 18 ], a miniaturized antenna based on a square split-ring resonator that operates at the 2.4 GHz, 3.7 GHz, and 5.8 GHz WLAN/WiMAX is proposed, with a volume of 33 × 22 × 1.6 mm

.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniaturized On-Ground 2.4 GHz IoT LTCC Chip Antenna and Its Positioning on a Ground Plane

Molins-Benlliure

Cabedo-Fabrés

Antonino‐Daviu

et al. 2023

Sensors

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This paper presents a very low-profile on-ground chip antenna with a total volume of 0.075λ0× 0.056λ0× 0.019λ0 (at f0 = 2.4 GHz). The proposed design is a corrugated (accordion-like) planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) embedded in low-loss glass ceramic material (DuPont GreenTape 9k7 with ϵr = 7.1 and tanδ = 0.0009) fabricated with LTCC technology. The antenna does not require a clearance area on the ground plane where the antenna is located, and it is proposed for 2.4 GHz IoT applications for extreme size-limited devices. It shows a 25 MHz impedance bandwidth (for S11 < −6 dB), which means a relative bandwidth of 1%). A study in terms of matching and total efficiency is performed for several size ground planes with the antenna installed at different positions. The use of characteristic modes analysis (CMA) and the correlation between modal and total radiated fields is performed to demonstrate the optimum position of the antenna. Results show high-frequency stability and a total efficiency difference of up to 5.3 dB if the antenna is not placed at the optimum position.

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“…Different antenna structures have been proposed in the literature for RF-EH applications [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. The problem that often persists is the strong degradation of the gain once the antenna is slightly miniaturized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Compact Triple-Band Triangular Patch Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting Applications in IoT Devices

Benkalfate

Ouslimani

Kasbari

et al. 2022

Sensors

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This work proposes a new compact triple-band triangular patch antenna for RF energy harvesting applications in IoT devices. It is realized on Teflon glass substrate with a thickness of 0.67 mm and a relative permittivity of 2.1. Four versions of this antenna have been designed and realized with inclinations of 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° to study the impact of the tilting on their characteristics (S11 parameter, radiation pattern, gain) and to explore the possibilities of their implementation in the architectures of electronic equipment according to the available space. The antenna is also realized on waterproof paper with a thickness of 0.1 mm and a relative permittivity of 1.4 for biomedical domain. All the antennas (vertical antenna, tilted antennas and antenna realized on waterproof paper) have a size of 39 × 9 mm2 and cover the 2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz Wi-Fi bands and the 8.2 GHz band. A good agreement is obtained between measured and simulated results. Radiation patterns show that all the antennas are omnidirectional for 2.45 GHz and pseudo-omnidirectional for 5.2 GHz and 8.2 GHz with maximum measured gains of 2.6 dBi, 4.55 dBi and 6 dBi, respectively. The maximum measured radiation efficiencies for the three antenna configurations are, respectively, of 75%, 70% and 72%. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for the antenna bound on the human body is of 1.1 W/kg, 0.71 W/kg and 0.45 W/kg, respectively, for the three frequencies 2.45 GHz, 5.2 GHz and 8.2 GHz. All these antennas are then applied to realize RF energy harvesting systems. These systems are designed, realized and tested for the frequency 2.45 GHz, −20 dBm input power and 2 kΩ resistance load. The maximum measured output DC power is of 7.68 µW with a maximum RF-to-DC conversion efficiency of 77%.

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A Miniaturized Triple-Band Antenna Based on Square Split Ring for IoT Applications

Cited by 7 publications

References 30 publications

Compact Flexible Planar Antennas for Biomedical Applications: Insight into Materials and Systems Design

Compact Flexible Planar Antennas for Biomedical Applications: Insight into Materials and Systems Design

Miniaturized On-Ground 2.4 GHz IoT LTCC Chip Antenna and Its Positioning on a Ground Plane

A New Compact Triple-Band Triangular Patch Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting Applications in IoT Devices

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