A miniaturized self-actuated bandpass protection structure based on energy low-pass mechanism

Superconducting protector against electromagnetic pulses based on YBCO film prepared on an Al2O3 substrate with a CeO2 sublayer

“…Moreover, the protection of modern IEDs used in high-speed communication technologies against EMP produced by natural sources such as lightning [9] is still particularly important. Various measures are used for the protection of these electronic devices such as surge protectors [10,11], modular attachment kits using Faraday cages [12] or EMP shields [13]. 'Front door' protection is the most difficult, because this part of such communication systems is itself highly vulnerable to EMP attack.…”

“…Thus, protectors against this type of EMP have to react in subnanosecond times and to be able to withstand large energy absorption shocks during these EMP 'tail' periods. To satisfy both of these requirements in one and the same device is thus not an easy task, primarily because such high-speed electronic devices are usually of small dimensions [13], which can cause high current densities and irreversible damage of the protectors.…”

Waveguide Energy-Selection-Filter Switch Array

“…And yet without self-adaptive dependent on energy, FSS has no energy-selective properties and cannot protect against high power electromagnetic pulse (EMP) in the pass-band. Then, Yang Cheng et al first reported the energy selective surface (ESS), like a limiter, with pin-diode for EMP protection, which only sensitive to the power density or field intensity of incident wave [12], [19], [20]. Subsequently, a spatial power limiter using a nonlinear FSS was researched combining the frequency selection characteristics of FSS and the energy selection characteristics of ESS [21], [22].…”