A Microcomputed Tomographic Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary Second Premolars in a Pakistani Cohort

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate variations in the root canal morphology of maxillary second premolar (MSP) teeth using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Sixty (N = 60) human extracted MSPs were collected and prepared for micro-CT scanning. The duration for scanning a single sample ranged between 30 and 40 min and a three-dimensional (3-D) image was obtained for all the MSPs. The images were evaluated by a single observer who recorded the canal morphology type, number of roots, canal orifices, apical foramina(s), apical delta(s), and accessory canals. The root canal configuration was categorized in agreement with Vertucci’s classification, and any configuration not in agreement with Vertucci’s classification was reported as an “additional canal configuration”. Descriptive statistics (such as mean percentages) were calculated using SPSS software. The most common types agreeing with Vertucci’s classification (in order of highest to lowest incidence) were types I, III, V, VII, II, and VI. The teeth also exhibited four additional configurations that were different from Vertucci’s classification: types 2-3, 1-2-3, 2-1-2-1, and 1-2-1-3. A single root was found in 96.7% and the majority of the samples demonstrated two canals (73.3%). Further, 80% of the teeth showed one canal orifice. The number of apical foramina’s in the teeth was variable, with 56.7% having solitary apical foramen. The accessory canal was found in 33.3%, and apical delta was found in only 20% of the samples. Variable morphology of the MSPs was detected in our study. The canal configuration most prevalent was type 1; however, the results also revealed some additional canal types.

Influence of Conventional, CAD-CAM, and 3D Printing Fabrication Techniques on the Marginal Integrity and Surface Roughness and Wear of Interim Crowns

“…The technique produces a high-resolution product without disturbing the integrity of the restoration; its fabrication is uncomplicated, and no sample preparation, as a replica technique with assembly is being sectioned, is required [4,19]. In addition, this is the only method to reconstruct a master model die and its suprastructure three-dimensionally [20]. The technique is integrated with a system that slices the specimen to overview each slice for a uniform understanding of fitting and marginal gap presences [5].…”

Evaluating the Internal Anatomy of Maxillary Premolars in an Adult Saudi Subpopulation Using 2 Classifications: A CBCT-Based Retrospective Study

“…In other studies, among Saudis, the prevalence of single-rooted MSP is 71.5–83.2% [ 20 , 21 , 30 ]. The highest reported incidence of single-rooted MSP (96.7%) was seen among Pakistanis, but 54% was reported in Jordan [ 33 , 34 ]. However, this was a clinical study utilizing digital periapical radiographs and magnification with low power, which could explain the contrasting results.…”

“…The incidence of 3-rooted MSP in this study was 0.45%, similar to those reported among Saudis [ 35 ]. Complete absence of 3 roots were noticed in Pakistani and Chinese populations [ 33 , 36 ].…”

The Clinical Potential of 3D-Printed Crowns Reinforced with Zirconia and Glass Silica Microfillers

“…Therefore, it might be preferable to use human teeth or materials with a comparable E-modulus for in vitro fracture tests. Multiple factors can impact the surface roughness of a dental restoration, including the method of fabrication, oral conditions, occlusal loading, dietary habits, and the composition of the materials used [14,59]. The physical and chemical attributes of dental resin play a pivotal role in determining the longevity of dental restorations.…”